The geography and geology of south-eastern EgyptBall, John
Science
The geography and geology of south-eastern Egypt
Ball, John
Geology -- Egypt; Physical geography -- Egypt
and a little further on it receives Wadi el Kreiga, which drains the
hill country round Bir Meneiga. The junctions of Wadi Beida and Wadi
Kreiga with Wadi Hodein are very difficult to trace on the ground,
being almost lost in the general sandy plain.
=Bir Shalatein=, a very salt well in the Wadi Hodein, about two
kilometres from its mouth and only about seven metres above the sea,
is chiefly of importance by reason of its marking the administrative
limit of the Egyptian and Sudan spheres of government. It is merely
a few shallow pits sunk in the wadi bed, yielding water drinkable
only by camels. An iron beacon two metres high has been erected on
a low bank close to the well, and will enable the well, which is
itself inconspicuous, to be easily found.
=Wadi Naam=, a great tributary of Wadi Hodein coming from the
north-north-west, originates about ten kilometres south-east of
Gebel Zergat Naam by the union of the Wadis Abu Seyal, El Fil, and Um
Bisilla, and courses south-south-east for about forty-nine kilometres
to its junction with Wadi Hodein. It is a very barren wadi, being
for most of its length a broad, shallow, and very sandy drainage
line among low hills, and in its lower parts, where it crosses the
plain of Abraq, its course is very ill-marked. Its slope decreases
from five metres per kilometre near its head to about three metres
per kilometre in its lower reaches. Besides the three wadis which,
as above-mentioned, unite to form its head, Wadi Naam has several
large tributaries, of which the chief are the Wadis Silsila and Abraq
on the west, and Wadis Erf Um Araka, Arais, and Betan on the east.
The =Wadi el Fil=, which may be regarded as the main head of Wadi
Naam, though it is not the longest, drains the north-east portion of
Gebel Zergat Naam (sometimes called Hagar el Fil). The rocky gullies
forming its heads contain rock basins which yield water for a short
time after rain.
=Wadi Abu Seyal= drains the south part of the same range; its head
is very steep, and is said to contain a very large galt, which holds
supplies of water for five months after rain.
=Wadi Um Bisilla= drains Gebel Um Bisilla, which it half encircles,
its main head being north-east of the mountain, where there is an
easy pass into Wadi Abu Nilih, and thence an easy road to the head of
Wadi Lahami. About eleven kilometres west of the mountain, Wadi Um
Bisilla receives, from the north-east, the =Wadi el Khiua=, which,
with its tributaries, =Wadis Abu Fagir= and =Abu Nilih=, drains the
low hill country north of Gebel Um Bisilla. The lower parts of Wadis
Um Bisilla and Khiua have not been surveyed in detail; their courses
as shown on the map are only approximate, but being based on guides’
statements near the spot they are probably substantially correct.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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