=Gebel Niqrub el Foqani= is a mountain of granite and felsite rising to a height of 1,078 metres above the sea, from among the low hill country which separates Wadis Madi and Gemal, in latitude 23° 52′. Its great height and isolated position render it a conspicuous object in the landscape from great distances. It is drained by myriads of small wadis radiating in all directions, but which all eventually join Wadi Madi on the east or Wadi Gemal on the west. It is best ascended from the west side, where a camp can be got 1,500 metres due east of the beacon on the summit and 496 metres above sea-level, in one of the stony heads of the channels draining towards Wadi Gemal. The ascent from this camp occupied a little over two hours, and was not very difficult; but an attempt from any other direction would most likely have failed, as the slopes to the south and east are extremely steep and in places precipitous. The top of the mountain is a very rugged ridge, so broken that it is an hour’s hard work to get along its 700 metres of length. The main ridge is surrounded by lower flanking peaks on the north, east and south, while from the west there runs off a long ridge, curving round to the south and enclosing a small sandy plain south-west of the summit. This curved ridge is cut through from east to west by a rather steep pass, 490 metres above sea-level. The view from the summit of Gebel Niqrub el Foqani is very extensive, as will be seen from the panorama drawn to scale from theodolite measurements on Plate XVI, but in the winter months the mountain is frequently wrapped in clouds for days together; I had to remain eight days on the summit in December 1907, before I could complete my observations, most of the time being spent in a cold wet mist which blotted out the landscape. The beacon on Gebel Niqrub el Foqani, in latitude 22° 51′ 29″, longitude 34° 56′ 49″, marks a point on the administrative boundary between Egypt and the Sudan, the limit proceeding east-south-east to Bir Meneiga, and south-south-west to Gebel Um el Tiur el Foqani. The low hill country between Gebel Niqrub and Wadi Madi consists chiefly of east and west ridges formed by dykes. A rather high granite hill about ten kilometres to the south-east, close to Wadi Madi, is marked by a beacon and overlooks the well called Bir Madi; the beacon is 556 metres above sea-level, or eighty metres above the well.