5. Sardes is a large city, of later date than the Trojan times, yet ancient, with a strong citadel. It was the royal seat of the Lydians, whom the poet calls Meones, and later writers Mæones, some asserting that they are the same, others that they are a different people, but the former is the preferable opinion. Above Sardes is the Tmolus, a fertile mountain having on its summit a seat[1533] of white marble, a work of the Persians. There is a view from it of the plains around, particularly of that of the Caÿster. There dwell about it Lydians, Mysians, and Macedonians.[1534] The Pactolus flows from the Tmolus.[1535] It anciently brought down a large quantity of gold-dust, whence, it is said, the proverbial wealth of Crœsus and his ancestors obtained renown. No gold-dust is found at present. The Pactolus descends into the Hermus, into which also the Hyllus, now called Phrygius, discharges itself. These three and other less considerable rivers unite in one stream, and, according to Herodotus, empty themselves into the sea at Phocæa. The Hermus takes its rise in Mysia, descending from the sacred mountain of Dindymene, after traversing the Catacecaumene, it enters the Sardian territory, and passes through the contiguous plains to the sea, as we have mentioned above. Below the city lie the plains of Sardes, of the Cyrus, of the Hermus, and of the Caÿster, which are contiguous to one another and the most fertile anywhere to be found. At the distance of 40 stadia from the city is the lake Gygæa, as it is called by the poet.[1536] Its name was afterwards altered to Coloë. Here was a temple of Artemis Coloëne, held in the highest veneration. It is said that at the feasts celebrated here the baskets dance.[1537] I know not why the circulation of such strange and absurd stories should be preferred to truth. 6. The verses in Homer are to this effect, “Mesthles and Antiphus, sons of Talæmenes, born of the lake Gygæa, were the leaders of the Meones, who live below Tmolus.”[1538] Some persons add a fourth verse to these, “below snowy Tmolus, in the rich district of Hyda.” But no Hyda[1539] is to be found among the Lydians. Others make this the birth-place of Tychius, mentioned by the poet, “he was the best leather-cutter in Hyda.”[1540] They add that the place is woody, and frequently struck with lightning, and that here also were the dwellings of the Arimi; for to this verse, “Among the Arimi, where they say is the bed of Typhoëus,”[1541] they add the following,[CAS. 626] “in a woody country, in the rich district of Hyda.” Some lay the scene of the last fable in Cilicia, others in Syria, others among the Pithecussæ (islands),[1542] who say that the Pitheci (or monkeys) are called by the Tyrrhenians Arimi. Some call Sardes Hyda; others give this name to its Acropolis.