Poseidonius the Stoic was a native of this place, a man of the most extensive learning among the philosophers of our times. 11. The tract called Parapotamia, belonging to the Arab chiefs, and Chalcidica, extending from the Massyas, border upon the district of Apameia on the east; and nearly all the country further to the south of Apameia belongs to the Scenitæ, who resemble the Nomades of Mesopotamia. In proportion as the nations approach the Syrians they become more civilized, while the Arabians and Scenitæ are less so. Their governments are better constituted [as that of Arethusa under Sampsiceramus, that of Themella under Gambarus, and other states of this kind].[580] 12. Such is the nature of the interior parts of the district of Seleuceia. The remainder of the navigation along the coast from Laodiceia is such as I shall now describe. Near Laodiceia are the small cities, Poseidium, Heracleium, and Gabala. Then follows the maritime tract[581] of the Aradii, where are Paltus,[582] Balanæa, and Carnus,[583] the arsenal of Aradus, which has a small harbour; then Enydra,[584] and Marathus, an ancient city of the Phœnicians in ruins. The Aradii[585] divided the territory by lot. Then follows the district Simyra.[586] Continuous with these places is Orthosia,[587] then the river Eleutherus, which some make the boundary of Seleucis towards Phœnicia and Cœle-Syria. 13. Aradus is in front of a rocky coast without harbours, and situated nearly between its arsenal[588] and Marathus. It is distant from the land 20 stadia. It is a rock, surrounded by the sea, of about seven stadia in circuit, and covered with dwellings. The population even at present is so large that the houses have many stories. It was colonized, it is said, by fugitives from Sidon. The inhabitants are supplied with water partly from cisterns containing rain water, and partly [CAS. 754] from the opposite coast. In war time they obtain water a little in front of the city, from the channel (between the island and the mainland), in which there is an abundant spring. The water is obtained by letting down from a boat, which serves for the purpose, and inverting over the spring (at the bottom of the sea), a wide-mouthed funnel of lead, the end of which is contracted to a moderate-sized opening; round this is fastened a (long) leathern pipe, which we may call the neck, and which receives the water, forced up from the spring through the funnel. The water first forced up is sea water, but the boatmen wait for the flow of pure and potable water, which is received into vessels ready for the purpose, in as large a quantity as may be required, and carry it to the city.[589] 14. The Aradii were anciently governed by their own kings in the same manner as all the other Phœnician cities. Afterwards the Persians, Macedonians, and now the Romans have changed the government to its present state.