[320] Under the name of Ariana, the ancients comprehended almost all the countries situated between the Indus and the meridian of the Caspian Gates. This large space was afterwards divided by them according to the position of the different nations which occupied it.—_Gossellin._ There can be no doubt the modern Iran represents the ancient Ariana. See _Smith_, art. Ariana, and b. ii. c. v. § 32, vol. i. p. 196, note^{903}. [321] Eratosthenes and Strabo believed that the eastern parts of Asia terminated at the mouth of the Ganges, and that, consequently, this river discharged itself into the Eastern Ocean at the place where terminated the long chain of Taurus. [322] According to Major Rennell, Emodus and Imaus are only variations of the same name, derived from the Sanscrit word Himmaleh, which signifies “covered with snow.” [323] In some MSS. the following diagram is to be found. [Illustration: The River Indus.] [324] The extremity of India, of which Eratosthenes speaks, is Cape Comorin, which he placed farther to the east than the mouth of the Ganges. [325] Patelputer or Pataliputra near Patna, see b. ii. ch. i. §9. [326] The reading is σχοινίοις, which Coraÿ changes σχοίνοις, Schœni: see Herod. i. 66. The Schœnus was 40 stadia. B. xii. ch. ii. §12. [327] Athenæus (b. xi. ch. 103, page 800, Bohn’s Classical Library) speaks of Amyntas as the author of a work on the Stations of Asia. The Stathmus, or distance from station to station, was not strictly a measure of distance, and depended on the nature of the country and the capability of the beasts of burthen. [328] The reading Coliaci in place of Coniaci has been proposed by various critics, and Kramer, without altering the text, considers it the true form of the name. The Coliaci occupied the extreme southern part of India. Cape Comorin is not precisely the promontory Colis, or Coliacum, which seems to answer to Panban, opposite the island Ramanan Kor. [329] The Indian Caucasus. [330] Book ii. ch. i. § 3. [331] λίνον, probably the λίνον τὸ ἀπὸ δενδρέων, or cotton, of Arrian. [332] βόσμορον. § 18. [333] Ceylon. [334] The voyage from the Ganges to Ceylon, in the time of Eratosthenes, occupied seven days, whence he concluded that Ceylon was seven days’ sail from the continent. [335] Groskurd reads 5000 stadia. B. ii. c. i. § 14. [336] εἰδοποιήσουσι. _Coraÿ._ [337] The text is, as Coraÿ observes, obscure, if not corrupt. The proposed emendations of Coraÿ and Kramer are followed. [338] Herod. ii. 5. [339] At the beginning of autumn. [340] At the beginning of winter. [341] Taxila seems to have been situated at some distance to the east of Attock. [342] At the delta formed by the Indus. [343] Towards the end of summer. [344] The Chenab. [345] The district between Moultan and the mountains. [346] Herod. ii. 86. Velleraque ut foliis depectant tenuia Seres? Virg. Geor. ii. 121. [347] Cloth of silk. [348] The sugar-cane. [349] C. i. § 33. [350] The Banyan tree.