[551] Mesopotamia in the text is no doubt an error of the copyist. We ought probably to read Commagene. Groskurd proposes to read “Commagene, like Mesopotamia, consisted of one satrapy.” Groskurd’s emendation of the text is followed, although not approved of, by Kramer. [552] These four portions were no doubt formed by the four hills contained within the circuit of Antioch. The circuit wall existed in the time of Pococke. The detailed and exact description given of it by this learned traveller, as also his plan of Antioch, agree with Strabo’s account. _Pococke, Descrip. of the East_, ii. p. 190. [553] C. i. § 25. [554] Mount Soldin. [555] Orontes, or Nahr-el-Asy. [556] Beit-el-Ma. [557] B. xii. c. viii. § 19; b. xiii. c. iv. § 6. [558] Also Hierapolis, the modern Kara Bambuche. [559] Berœa owes its name to Seleucus Nicator, and continued to be so called till the conquest of the Arabs under Abu Obeidah, A. D. 638, when it resumed its ancient name of Chaleb, or Chalybon. [560] The territory subject to the town Cyrrhus, now Coro. [561] Baghras. [562] The modern names of the Arceuthus and Labotas are unknown. [563] The Afreen. [564] B. C. 145. [565] A table. [566] Called Phraates by Pseudo-Appian, in Parthicis, p. 72. [567] Selefkeh. [568] Posidi, on the southern side of the bay, which receives the Orontes. [569] On Cape Ziaret. [570] B. C. 40. [571] The text is corrupt. The translation follows the proposed corrections of Letronne and Kramer. [572] Shizar, on the Orontes. [573] Cæcilius Bassus was besieged twice in Apameia, first by C. Antistius, afterwards by Marcus Crispus and Lucius Statius Marcius. Cassius succeeded in dispersing the troops of this rebel without much difficulty, according to Dion Cassius, xlvii. 27. [574] Arethusa, now Restan, was founded by Seleucus Nicator. According to Appian, Pompey subdued Sampsiceramus, who was king of Arethusa. On this account Cicero, in his letters to Atticus (ii. 14, 16, 17, 23), calls Pompey in derision Sampsiceramus. Antony put Iamblicus, son of Sampsiceramus, to death; but Augustus restored the small state of Arethusa to another Iamblicus, son of the former. [575] The people of Emesa, now Hems. [576] Balbek and Kalkos. [577] This Ptolemy, son of Mennæus, was master chiefly of Chalcis, at the foot of Libanus, from whence he made incursions on the territory of Damascus. Pompey was inclined to suppress his robberies, but Ptolemy softened his anger by a present of 1000 talents, which the Roman general applied to the payment of his troops. He remained in possession of his dominion until his death, and was succeeded by his son Lysanias, whom Cleopatra put to death, on the pretext that he had induced the Parthians to come into the country. _Josephus, Bell. Jud._ [578] One of the branches of Antilibanus.