This is the characteristic species of the Lower Carboniferous coal-measures, occurring in great profusion at Horton Bluff and its vicinity, also at Sneid's Mills near Windsor, Noel and Five-Mile River, at Norton Creek and elsewhere in New Brunswick (Matthew's collection), and at Antigonish (Honeyman's collection). I have received from the lowest Carboniferous beds of Ohio specimens of this species.[CZ] According to Rogers and Lesquereux similar forms occur in the Vespertine of Pennsylvania and in the Lower Carboniferous of Illinois. _L. Veltheimianum_ of western Europe and _L. glincanum_ of Russia are closely allied Lower Carboniferous species.[DA] [CZ] "Journal of Geological Society," November, 1862, p. 313. [DA] For comparisons of these see "Report on Plants of Lower Carboniferous of Canada," p. 21. A very different type is furnished by a new species from the middle coal-formation of Clifton, New Brunswick. Lepidodendron Cliftonense, Dawson.--Habit of Growth.--Robust, with thick branches, and leaves several inches in length. Terminal branches becoming slender, with shorter leaves. _Markings of Stem._--Leaf-bases long oval, pointed at ends, enlarging with growth of stem. Leaf-scars central, rhombic, transverse. _Leaves._--One-nerved, acutely pointed, from four inches in length on the larger branches to one inch or less on the branchlets. _Fructification._--Cones large, cylindrical or long oval, with large scales of trigonal form, and not elongated but lying close to the surface. Borne on lateral, slender branchlets, with short leaves. _Genus_ Lepidophloios, Sternberg; Ulodendron, L. and H.; Lomatophloios, Corda. _Lepidophloios._--Under this generic name, established by Sternberg, I include those lycopodiaceous trees of the coal-measures which have thick branches, transversely elongated leaf-scars, each with three vascular points and placed on elevated or scale-like protuberances, long one-nerved leaves, and large lateral strobiles in vertical rows or spirally disposed. Their structure resembles that of _Lepidodendron_, consisting of a _Sternbergia_ pith, a slender axis of large scalariform vessels, giving off from its surface bundles of smaller vessels to the leaves, a very thick cellular bark, and a thin dense outer bark, having some elongated cells or bast-tissue on its inner side. In these trees the exogenous outer cylinder is less developed than in the Lepidodendra, and is sometimes wanting in stems or branches of some thickness.