The Gaspé sandstones, as their name imports, are predominantly arenaceous, and often coarsely so, the sandstones being frequently composed of large grains and studded with quartz-pebbles. Grey and buff are prevalent colours, but red beds also occur, more especially in the upper portion. There are also interstratified shaly beds, sometimes occurring in groups of considerable thickness, and associated with fine-grained and laminated argillaceous sandstone, the whole having in many places the lithological aspect of the coal-measures. At one place, near the middle of the series, there is a bed of coal from one inch to three inches in thickness, associated with highly bituminous shales abounding in remains of plants, and also containing fragments of crustaceans and fishes (_Pterygotus_, _Ctenacanthus ?_ &c). The beds connected with this coal are grey sandstones and grey and dark shales, much resembling those of the ordinary coal formation. The coal is shining and laminated, and both its roof and floor consist of laminated bituminous shale with fragments of _Psilophyton_. It has no true under-clay, and has been, I believe, a peaty mass of rhizomes of _Psilophyton_. It occurs near Tar Point, on the south side of Gaspé Bay, a place so named from the occurrence of a thick dyke of trap holding petroleum in its cavities. The coal is of considerable horizontal extent, as in its line of strike a similar bed has been discovered on the Douglas River, about four miles distant. It has not been recognised on the north side of the bay, though we find there beds, probably on very nearly the same horizon, holding _Psilophyton_ in situ. As an illustration of one of the groups of shaly beds, and of the occurrence of roots of _Psilophyton_, I may give the following sectional list of beds seen near "Watering Brook," on the north shore of the bay. The order is descending: FT. IN. 1. Grey sandstones and reddish pebbly sandstone of great thickness 2. Bright-red shale 8 0 3. Grey shales with stems of _Psilophyton_, very abundant but badly preserved 0 5 4. Grey incoherent clay, slickensided, and with many rhizomes and roots of _Psilophyton_ 0 3 5. Hard grey clay or shale, with fragments and roots of _Psilophyton_ 4 0 6. Red shale 8 0 7. Grey and reddish crumbling sandstone Groups of beds similar to the above, but frequently much more rich in fossils, occur in many parts of the section, and evidently include fossil soils of the nature of under-clays, on which little else appears to have grown than a dense herbage of _Psilophyton_, along with plants of the genus _Arthrostigma_.