The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
Dishes of fresh-cooked salmon and jars of water, together with a
plentiful supply of other food, are ranged in front of the devotees.
After a preliminary ceremony in the nature of a litany, in which
the principal articles of their theology are recited in the form of
question and answer by the whole body of worshipers, the high priest
gives the command, “Take water,” when everyone raises a cup of water
to his lips. Next comes the command, “Now drink,” and each one takes a
sip. At the words, “Now the salmon,” each takes up a portion of fish,
which he puts into his mouth at the next command, “Now eat.” Last comes
the command, “Now help yourselves,” which is the signal for a general
attack on the provisions.
When everyone has satisfied his hunger, the remains of the feast are
cleared away and the “dance” begins. At a signal given by a single
stroke of the bell in the left hand of the high priest all stand up
in line on either side of the building. At another stroke of the bell
all put their right hands on their breasts. Another tap of the bell
and the right hand is brought out in front of the body. Another, and
they begin to move their right hands backward and forward like fans in
front of the breast, and thus continue throughout the dance, keeping
time also to the singing by balancing alternately upon their toes and
heels, as already described, without moving from their places. Ritual
songs are sung throughout the remainder of the service, in time with
the movements of the dancers and the sounds of the drums, and regulated
by the strokes of the bell.
Between songs anyone who wishes to speak steps out into the open
space. With a single tap of the bell the high priest then summons his
“interpreter,” standing behind him, who comes forward and stands beside
the speaker, a few feet in front and at the right of the high priest.
The speaker then in a low tone tells his story—usually a trance vision
of the spirit world—to the interpreter, who repeats it in a loud voice
to the company. At the end of the recital the high priest gives the
signal with the bell, when all raise their right hands with a loud
“Ai!” (Yes!). The high priest himself sometimes discourses also to the
people through the interpreter; at other times directly.
Each song is repeated until the high priest gives the signal with the
bell to stop. Most of the songs consist—in the native language—of seven
lines. At the end of the first line the high priest taps once with the
bell; at the end of the second line he taps twice, and so on to the
end of the song, when he rings the bell hard and continuously, and all
raise their hands with a loud “Ai!” Then the song leader, who stands
with a feather fan between the high priest and the drummers, starts the
next song.
The first song is given by all standing motionless, with the right hand
on the breast and with eyes cast downward. It may be rendered:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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