The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
We come now to the other tribes bordering on the Paiute. First in order
are the Washo, a small band dwelling on the slopes of the sierras in
the neighborhood of Carson, Nevada, and speaking a peculiar language
of unknown affinity. They are completely under the domination of the
Paiute. They had no separate dance, but joined in with the nearest
camps of Paiute and sang the same songs. Occupying practically the same
territory as the Paiute, they were among the first to receive the new
doctrine.
Farther to the south, in California, about Bridgeport and Mono lake
and extending across to the westward slope of the sierras, are several
small Shoshonean bands closely akin to the Paiute and known locally as
the “Diggers.” The Paiute state that bands of these Indians frequently
came up and participated in the dance on the reservation. They
undoubtedly had their own dances at home also.
According to the statement of the agent in charge of the Mission
Indians in southern California in 1891, the doctrine reached them also,
and the medicine-men of Potrero began to prophesy the destruction of
the whites and the return of Indian supremacy. Few believed their
predictions, however, until rumors brought the news of the overflow of
Colorado river and the birth of “Salton sea” in the summer of 1891.
Never doubting that the great change was near at hand, the frightened
Indians fled to the mountains to await developments, but after having
gone hungry for several days the millennial dawn seemed still as far
away as ever, and they returned to their homes with disappointment in
their hearts. Although the agent mentions specifically only the Indians
of Potrero, there can be no doubt that the inhabitants of the other
Mission rancherias in the vicinity were also affected, and we are thus
enabled to fix the boundary of the messiah excitement in this direction
at the Pacific ocean. (_Comr., 27._)
In northern California the new doctrine was taken up late in 1890
by the Pit River Indians, a group of tribes constituting a distinct
linguistic stock and scattered throughout the whole basin of Pit river,
from Goose lake to the Sacramento, which may have formed the boundary
of the Ghost-dance movement in this direction. (_A. G. O., 7._) As a
number of these Indians are living also on Round Valley reservation in
California, it is possible that the doctrine may have reached there
also. Having obtained the dance ritual directly from the Paiute, their
neighbors on the east, the ceremony and belief were probably the same
with both tribes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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