The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
By this time the Ghost dance was in full progress among the western
Sioux and was rapidly spreading throughout the tribe. The principal
dance ground on Pine Ridge reservation was at No Water’s camp on White
Clay creek, about 20 miles from the agency. At a great Ghost dance
held here about the middle of June the ghost shirts were worn probably
for the first time. (_Comr., 30._) In August about 2,000 Indians had
assembled for a dance at the same rendezvous, when Agent Gallagher
sent out several police with orders to the dancers to quit and go
home. They refused to do so, and the agent himself went out with more
police to enforce the order. On repeating his demand a number of the
warriors leveled their guns toward him and the police, and told him
that they were ready to defend their religion with their lives. Under
the circumstances the agent, although known to be a brave man, deemed
it best to withdraw and the dance went on. (_Comr., 31; G. D., 23._)
On Rosebud reservation, which adjoins Pine Ridge on the east and is
occupied by the turbulent and warlike Brulés, the warning given to
Short Bull had such an effect that there was no open manifestation
until September, when the Ghost dance was inaugurated at the various
camps under the leadership of Short Bull the medicine-man, Crow Dog,
and Two Strike. Agent Wright, then in charge, went out to the Indians
and told them the dance must be stopped, which was accordingly done.
He expressly states that no violence was contemplated by the Indians,
and that no arms were carried in the dance, but that he forbade it on
account of its physical and mental effect on the participants and its
tendency to draw them from their homes. In some way a rumor got among
the Indians at this time that troops had arrived on the reservation
to attack them, and in an incredibly short time every Indian had left
the neighborhood of the agency and was making preparations to meet
the enemy. It was with some difficulty that Agent Wright was able to
convince them that the report was false and persuade them to return to
their homes. Soon afterward circumstances obliged him to be temporarily
absent, leaving affairs in the meantime in charge of a special agent.
The Indians took advantage of his absence to renew the Ghost dance
and soon defied control. The agent states, however, that no Indians
left the agency until the arrival of the troops, when the leaders
immediately departed for Pine Ridge, together with 1,800 of their
followers. (_G. D., 24; Comr., 32._)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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