rifle from under his blanket and fired at the soldiers, who instantly replied with a volley directly into the crowd of warriors and so near that their guns were almost touching. From the number of sticks set up by the Indians to mark where the dead fell, as seen by the author a year later, this one volley must have killed nearly half the warriors (plate +XCIX+). The survivors sprang to their feet, throwing their blankets from their shoulders as they rose, and for a few minutes there was a terrible hand to hand struggle, where every man’s thought was to kill. Although many of the warriors had no guns, nearly all had revolvers and knives in their belts under their blankets, together with some of the murderous warclubs still carried by the Sioux. The very lack of guns made the fight more bloody, as it brought the combatants to closer quarters. [Illustration: PL. XCVII WOUNDED KNEE BATTLEFIELD] EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCVII Compiled from map by Lieutenant T. Q. Donaldson, Seventh United States cavalry, kindly loaned by Dr J. D. Glennan, United States Army. A. and I. Seventy-six men from A and I troops forming dismounted line of sentinels. B. Troop B dismounted and in line. C. Troop C mounted and in line (sorrel troop). D. Troop D mounted and in line (black troop). E. Troop E mounted and in line (bay troop). G. Troop G mounted and in line (gray troop). K. Troop K dismounted and in line. S. Indian scouts. 1. Tent from which a hostile warrior shot two soldiers. 2. Tent occupied by Big Foot and his wife and in front of which the former was killed. 3. Tents put up for the use of Big Foot’s band. 4. Council ring in or near which were General Forsyth, Major Whitside, Captain Varnum, Captain Hoff, Captain Wallace, Doctor Glennan, Lieutenant Robinson, Lieutenant Nicholson, Lieutenant McCormick, and the reporters. 5. Officers’ tents, first battalion. 6. Enlisted mens’ tents, first battalion. 7. Bivouac of second battalion on night of December 28, 1890. 8. Four Hotchkiss guns and detachment of First artillery, under Captain Capron, First artillery, and Lieutenant Hawthorne, Second artillery. 9. Indian village. 10. Indian ponies. 11. Dismounted line of sentinels. 12. Captains Ilsley and Moylan. 13. Lieutenants Garlington and Waterman. 14. Captain Godfrey and Lieutenant Tompkins. 15. Captain Jackson and Lieutenant Donaldson. 16. Lieutenant Taylor, Ninth cavalry, commanding Indian scouts (S). 17. Captain Edgerly and Lieutenant Brewer. 18. Captain Nowlan and Lieutenant Gresham. 19. Indian houses. 20. Lieutenants Sickel and Rice.