The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are relatedTyndall, John
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The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are related
Tyndall, John
Alps -- Description and travel; Glaciers -- Alps
During the summer of 1857 the eastern side of the Glacier du Geant, near
the Tacul, exposed a nearly vertical precipice of ice, measuring 140
feet from top to bottom. I requested Mr. Hirst to fix two stakes in the
same vertical plane, one at the top of the precipice and one near the
bottom. This he did upon the 3rd of August, and on the 5th I accompanied
him to measure the progress of the stakes. On the summit of the
precipice, and running along it, was the lateral moraine of the glacier.
The day was warm and the ice liquefying rapidly, so that the boulders
and debris, deprived incessantly of their support, came in frequent
leaps and rushes down the precipice. Into this peril my guide was about
to enter, to measure the displacement of the lower stake, while I was
to watch, and call out the direction in which he was to run when a stone
gave way. But I soon found that the initial motion was no sure index of
the final motion. By striking the precipice, the stones were often
deflected, and carried wide of their original direction. I therefore
stopped the man, and sent him to the summit of the precipice to remove
all the more dangerous blocks. This accomplished, he descended, and
while I stood beside him, executed the required measurement. From the
3rd to the 5th of August the upper stake had moved twelve inches, and
the lower one six.
Unfortunately some uncertainty attached itself to this result, due to
the difficulty of fixing the lower stake. The guide's attention had been
divided between his work and his safety, and he had to retreat more than
a dozen times from the falling boulders and debris. I, on the other
hand, was unwilling to accept an observation of such importance with a
shade of doubt attached to it. Hence arose the desire to measure the
motion myself. On the 11th of August I therefore reascended to the
Tacul, and fixed a stake at the top of the precipice, and another at the
bottom. While sitting on the old moraine looking at the two pickets, the
importance of determining the motion of a point midway between the top
and bottom forcibly occurred to me, but, on mentioning it to my guide,
he promptly pronounced any attempt of the kind absurd.
[Sidenote: STAKES FIXED AT TOP, BOTTOM, AND CENTRE.]
On scanning the place carefully, however, the value of the observation
appeared to me to outweigh the amount of danger. I therefore took my
axe, placed a stake and an auger against my breast, buttoned my coat
upon them, and cut an oblique staircase up the wall of ice, until I
reached a height of forty feet from the bottom. Here the position of the
stake being determined by Mr. Hirst, who was at the theodolite, I
pierced the ice with the auger, drove in the stake, and descended
without injury. During the whole operation however my guide growled
audibly.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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