The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are relatedTyndall, John
Science
The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are related
Tyndall, John
Alps -- Description and travel; Glaciers -- Alps
I will not pretend to say that I fully understand this passage, but,
taking it and the former one together, I think it is clear that the
water which is supposed to gorge the capillaries of the glacier is
assumed to be essential to its motion. Indeed, an extreme degree of
sensitiveness has been ascribed to the glacier as regards the changes of
temperature by which the capillaries are affected. In three succeeding
days, for example, Professor Forbes found the diurnal summer motion of a
point upon the Mer de Glace to increase from 15.2 to 17.5 inches a day;
a result which he says he is "persuaded" to be due to the increasing
heat of the weather at the time. If, then, the glacier capillaries can
be gorged so quickly as this experiment would indicate, it is fair to
assume that they are emptied with corresponding speed when the supply is
cut away.
[Sidenote: TEMPERATURE AT CHAMOUNI; WINTER 1859.]
The extraordinary coldness of the weather previous to the Christmas of
1859 is in the recollection of everybody: this lowness of temperature
also extended to the Mer de Glace and its environs. I had last summer
left with Auguste Balmat and the Abbe Vueillet thermometers with which
observations were made daily during the cold weather referred to. I take
the following from Balmat's register.
Minimum
Date. temperature
Centigrade.
December 16 -15 deg.
" 17 -20
" 18 -16-1/2
" 19 -9
" 20 -13
" 21 -20-1/2
" 22 -4-1/4
December 23 -4-1/2 deg.
" 24 -6-1/2
" 25 -2
" 26 +2
" 27 -3
" 28 -10-1/2
" 29 -6
The temperature at the Montanvert during the above period may be assumed
as generally some degrees lower, so that for a considerable period,
previous to my winter observations, the portion of the Mer de Glace near
the Montanvert had been exposed to a very low temperature. I reached
the place after the weather had become warm, but during my stay there
the maximum temperature did not exceed -4-1/2 deg. C. Considering therefore
the long drain to which the glacier had been subjected previous to the
29th of December, it is not unreasonable to infer that the capillary
supply assumed by Professor Forbes must by that time have been
exhausted. Notwithstanding this, the motion of the glacier at the
Montanvert amounted at the end of December to half its maximum summer
motion.
[Sidenote: BALMAT'S MEASUREMENTS.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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