The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are relatedTyndall, John
Science
The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are related
Tyndall, John
Alps -- Description and travel; Glaciers -- Alps
I have here to direct attention to an extremely curious fact. On sending
the sunbeam through the transparent ice, I often noticed that the
appearance of the lustrous spots was accompanied by an audible clink, as
if the ice were ruptured inwardly. But there is no ground for assuming
such rupture, and on the closest examination no flaw is exhibited by the
ice. What then can be the cause of the noise? I believe the following
considerations will answer the question:--
Water always holds a quantity of air in solution, the diffusion of which
through the liquid, as proved by M. Donny, has an immense effect in
weakening the cohesion of its particles; recent experiments of my own
show that this is also the case in an eminent degree with many volatile
liquids. M. Donny has proved that, if water be thoroughly purged of its
air, a long glass tube filled with this liquid may be inverted, while
the tenacity with which the water clings to the tube, and with which its
particles cling to each other, is so great that it will remain securely
suspended, though no external hindrance be offered to its descent. Owing
to the same cause, water deprived of its air will not boil at 212 deg.
Fahr., and may be raised to a temperature of nearly 300 deg. without
boiling; but when this occurs the particles break their cohesion
suddenly, and ebullition is converted into explosion.
Now, when ice is formed, every trace of the air which the water
contained is squeezed out of it; the particles in crystallizing reject
all extraneous matter, so that in ice we have a substance quite free
from the air, which is never absent in the case of water; it therefore
follows that if we could preserve the water derived from the melting of
ice from contact with the atmosphere, we should have a liquid eminently
calculated to show the effects described by M. Donny. Mr. Faraday has
proved by actual experiment that this is the case.
[Sidenote: WATER DEPRIVED OF AIR SNAPS ASUNDER.]
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