The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are relatedTyndall, John
Science
The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are related
Tyndall, John
Alps -- Description and travel; Glaciers -- Alps
A year after my return to England a remark contained in Professor
Mousson's interesting little work 'Die Gletscher der Jetzzeit' caused me
to refer to the atlas of M. Agassiz's 'Systeme Glaciaire,' from which I
learned that this indefatigable observer had figured a case of
stratification and structure cutting each other. If, however, I had seen
this figure beforehand, it would not have changed my movements; for the
case, as sketched, would not have convinced me. I have now no doubt that
M. Agassiz has preceded me in this observation, and hence my results
are to be taken as mere confirmations of his.
[Sidenote: LAMINATION AND STRATIFICATION.]
Fig. 45 represents a crumpled portion of the ice with the lines of
lamination passing through the strata. Fig. 46 represents a case where a
fault had occurred, the veins at both sides of the line of dislocation
being inclined towards each other.
[Illustration: Fig. 45. Structure and Stratification on the Furgge
glacier.]
[Illustration: Fig. 46. Structure and Stratification on the Furgge
glacier.]
[Figs. 45 and 46 are from sketches made on the Furgge Glacier.--L. C.
T.]
FOOTNOTES:
[A] In reply to a question in connexion with this subject, General
Sabine has favoured me with the following note:--
"My dear Tyndall,
"It was in the summer of 1841, at the Lower Grindelwald
Glacier, that I first saw, and was greatly impressed and
interested by examining and endeavouring to understand (in
which I did not succeed), the veined structure of the ice. I do
not remember when I mentioned it to Forbes, but it must be
before 1843, because it is noticed in his book, p. 29. I had
never observed it in the glaciers of Spitzbergen or Baffin's
Bay, or in the icebergs of the shores and straits of Davis or
Barrow. I feel the more confident of this, because, when I
first saw the veined structure in Switzerland, my Arctic
experience was more fresh in my recollection, and I recollected
nothing like it.
"_Veins_ are indeed not uncommon in icebergs, but they quite
resemble veins in rocks, and are formed by water filling
fissures and freezing into blue ice, finely contrasted with the
white granular substance of the berg.
"The ice of the Grindelwald Glacier (where I examined the
veined structure) was broken up into very large masses, which
by pressure had been upturned, so that a very poor judgment
would be formed of the direction of the veins as they existed
in the glacier before it had broken up.
"Sincerely yours,
"EDWARD SABINE.
"_Feb. 20, 1860_."
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