Parthenon, the, supersedes the Acropolis, 102; architecture, 107, 161-163; sculptures, 148, 150; of the pediments, 150, 151; the metopes, 153; the frieze, 112, 153; Athena Parthenos, 156; destructions, 150, 151 Parthenos of the Parthenon, 148 Party system, 117 Pastoral poetry, 249 Patroclides, 186 Patroclus, 74, 147 Paul, St., and Stoicism, 257; and the teaching of Socrates, 234 Pausanias, King of Sparta, 85, 94, 141 Pausanias, the traveller, on the Chest of Kypselus, 43; and Greek worship, 67; and Olympia, 78; and the Parthenon, 150, 160; and the Hermes of Praxiteles, 215; his works, 262 Pediments of the Parthenon, 150 Pegasus coins, 225 Peiræus, the, as part of Athens, 140; the planning, 171; Spartan attack, 205; new walls, 226; a centre of commerce, 252 Peirithous, 180 Peisistratus, Homer edited during his tyranny, 42; democracy before, 98; and Solon’s laws, 101; the tyranny of, 104; services to Athens, 110; and the foundations of Athenian civilisation, 133; temple of Athena built by, 165; temple of Olympian Zeus begun by, 168 Pelasgians, the, 96, 163 Pelasgic Wall, 96 Pelopidas, 205, 207 Peloponnese, the, 137, 206 Peloponnesian War, 143, 194, 199, 208 Pelops, 76 Penelope, 47, 55, 58 Penrose, F. G., on the Parthenon, 161 Pentelic marble, 147 Pergamum, 237; altar of Zeus, 251 Periander, 106, 108, 109 Pericles, 99, 110; and the constitution of Athens, 118, 142-144; attacks on, 145, 156; oration on Athenian soldiers, 146; bust of, 160; the Odeion, 168; the Acropolis, 192 Peripatetic school of philosophy, 253 Persephone, Eleusinian mysteries in honour of, 98; on Harpy Tomb (Queen of the Dead), 123; on Ludovisi reliefs, 123; worship of, 170; Hades the home of, 190; on an archaic relief, 192 Perseus, 130 Persian Empire and Alexander the Great, 242, 243 Persian Gulf, the, 243 Persian wars, the, 124, 133-139, 142, 153, 203; Greek mercenaries in the Persian army, 201; Isocrates and the Persians, 230; Alexander and Persian troops, 241 Persis, 62 Phæacia, 54 “Phædo,” the, of Plato, 233 Phalanx, the, 241 Phalaris of Acragas, 105 Phanes, coin of, 123 Pharisaism, 257 Pharnabazus, 199 Pheidias, 81, 102, 145, 146-158, 213 Phidolas, 79 Phigaleia, temple of, 169 Philip of Macedon, 208, 237-241 Philip II., 239 Philippiades, 135 Philosophers, Ionian, 122 Philosophy of Pythagoras, 127; Eleatic school of, 128; of the fourth century, 231-236; Aristotle, 253; Stoicism, 257; Epicurean, 257; the Cynics, 258; and Julian the Apostate, 262 Phocians, the, 138, 238 Phœnicia, 244 Phœnician fleet, 142, 247 Phœnician traders, 129 Phœnicians, the, 33, 130 Phormio, 230 Phrygian Mode in music, 224 Phryne, 213 Phrynichus, 174, 176 Phthiotis, 41 Pictographic script, 20 Pillar-worship, 29 Pindar, 73, 76, 113, 129; the house of, 243 Pipes, 224 Piracy on the Ægean, 105 Pisirodus, 78 Pittacus, 121