Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
Torquemada’s version of Quetzalcoatl’s myth is eloquent of the
pre-eminence of his cult at Cholula. The priest-god’s prophecy of his
return bears an extraordinary resemblance to that given in the Books of
Chilan Balam, a Guatemalan native production, regarding the coming of
white men to Central America. [166]
Motolinia’s story of the fixing of the strap on Quetzalcoatl’s arm is
merely a grotesque explanation of the name Acolhua, which in reality
signifies “the folk of the great shoulder,” “the pushers,” “the
hustling invaders.”
Mendieta, in dwelling upon Quetzalcoatl’s dislike of war, merely
retains for us a characteristic of the effeminate people of Cholula.
The appearance of Tezcatlipocâ as a spider is typical of the god of the
dry season, or of the dry-rot prevalent in that period of the year. As
a tiger he symbolizes the fierceness of the hurricane, and the tlachtli
game which he and Quetzalcoatl engage in is undoubtedly symbolic of the
seasonal strife between the wind-gods.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPTION OF QUETZALCOATL
Summarizing the myths relating to Quetzalcoatl we find:
(1) That all of them have their origin in or refer back to an original
nature-myth, in which Quetzalcoatl, the trade-wind, is, at the end of
the rainy season, regarded as driven from the Mexican Plateau by
Tezcatlipocâ (Hurakan) in his guise of the monsoon, or hurricane.
(2) That this myth in the first place became confounded with traditions
of the Toltec civilization, naturally enough, as that civilization was
the direct outcome of the agricultural wealth stimulated by the god
representing the trade-wind.
(3) That it seems to have been associated with a myth relating to the
fountain of youth, that is, the fountain in which the refreshing and
revivifying rains were stored, to which Quetzalcoatl must return for
rejuvenation and a fresh rain-supply.
(4) That the conception of the god Quetzalcoatl became humanized in the
light of the agricultural and other manifestations of Toltec culture,
thus bringing about the idea of his existence as a priest-king, and
culminating in the establishment of a line of priestly rulers bearing
his name, which endured as long as Mexican civilization.
(5) Out of these conceptions there naturally arose other related ideas,
as those of:
(a) Quetzalcoatl as inventor of the tonalamatl, the instrument by which
the festal days of the rain-cult were originally noted, but which on
the adoption of the solar calendar as time-count degenerated into what
may be regarded as an astrological table.
(b) The lunar basis upon which the tonalamatl was founded connected
Quetzalcoatl with the moon. [167]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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