Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
Other statues and paintings of Coatlicue uphold the theory that she is
represented by this idol. One found in the Calle de las Escalerillas,
and others recovered from the Calle de Coliseo in Mexico City, show her
as having the face of a skull. In the latter she wears a peculiar flat
headdress with maize-like motifs depending from the back, and her hair
recalls the ruffled “night-hair” of Mictlantecutli. Around her body are
strange step-motifs which constitute the ends of parallel lines; and
from her ears depend large cotton plugs. She wears a girdle of skulls
with serpentine noses. Another relief of her found in the Calle de las
Escalerillas is, however, much more enlightening than the foregoing. In
this spirited work she wears what is evidently a panache of stone
knives or malinalli grass, the face is that of a skull, she has the
claws of a jaguar, and the skirt of entwined serpents is noticeable. Be
all this as it may, however, the insignia of the goddess is by no means
a fixed quantity, and considerable research is necessary before
anything like certainty can be arrived at.
MYTH
Sahagun (bk. iii, c. i) related of this goddess that near the ancient
city of Tulla or Tulan rose the mountain of Coatepec (“Serpent
Mountain”), where lived a woman named Coatlicue, mother of certain
“Indians” called Cenzonuitznaua. She had a daughter called
Coyolxauhqui. Coatlicue, who was a widow and very devout, climbed each
day to the mountain of Coatepec to do penance, and on one occasion, as
she reached its summit, a little ball of feathers resembling a roll of
thread or twine fell upon her. Picking it up, she placed it in her
bosom, and later was unable to find it. Shortly afterwards she became
enceinte. Her children, observing her condition, were indignant, and
Coyolxauhqui advised her brothers to slay their mother for the shame
she had put upon them. Her unborn infant whispered to her to be of good
cheer. But one day her sons armed themselves and prepared to slay her.
One of them, however, called Quauitlicac, whispered to the supernatural
child that treason was toward, and at the moment when, headed by
Coyolxauhqui, Coatlicue’s children came to dispatch her, Uitzilopochtli
was born, fully armed. Falling upon his brothers and sister with his
terrible weapon, the xiuhcoatl, or fiery serpent, he speedily
dispatched them all. [205]
FESTIVAL
Tlacaxipeuliztli.—Sahagun (bk. ii, c. 22) relates that on the second
day of this month the people of the temple quarter of Coatlan offered
flowers in the temple and made music during the entire day in honour of
Coatlicue. These flowers were the first-fruits of the year, were
offered up by the master florists, who had a great devotion to the
goddess, and none of the blossoms in their gardens might be smelt until
these bouquets had been offered up in the temple of Coatlicue. They
made for this feast tamallis called tzatzapaltamalli (“sharp-tasting
herb cakes”).
NATURE AND STATUS
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