Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
Codex Vaticanus B.—Sheet 92: Xipe is depicted in this codex as clothed
in the flayed skin of the sacrificed human victim, which, after the
dreadful rite, was drawn over the priest’s body and worn for a number
of days. The slit eyes of the mask he wears shows that this also is
composed of human skin. He wears a nasal rod and plate having the
general appearance of the peculiar peaked cap with which he is
sometimes represented. The ends of his loin-cloth are slit and coloured
white and red. Sheet 62. As ruler of the fourteenth tonalamatl division
and god of the fifteenth day-count, Xipe is represented on this sheet
as a red Tezcatlipocâ. The limbless body is red, the costume of the
same colour, but with a face-mask of yellow, tinted to represent dead
human flesh, with the chapfallen jaw of the dead, narrow slit eyes, as
on sheet 92, and a red streak running over the eye, the full length of
the face, indicative, perhaps, of the place where the operation of
flaying was commenced. Here the nose-cap is also reminiscent of Xipe’s
peculiar peaked cap, its ends especially resembling those of that
headdress. Two red and white bands, the colours of the roseate
spoonbill, depend from the ear. The hair is bound by a fillet on which
are twin ornaments of dull gold, and above this rise two rows of
quetzal feathers.
Codex Vaticanus A.—Plate xiv, Duc de Loubat’s reproduction: As a
back-device he wears the three banners which are also shown of him in
the picture in Duran’s collection. As god of the fourteenth tonalamatl
division, he holds a shield, banner, and a bundle of spears, while half
of his shield is painted in dark and light red rings.
Codex Borgia.—Sheet 49: In the Codex Borgia, Xipe is shown in his
character of the patron god of the warrior’s death by combat, or the
stone of sacrifice. He wears a wig made from the downy feathers of the
eagle, which, however, does not altogether conceal his flame-coloured
hair, two forelocks of which recall the hairdressing of
Tlauizcalpantecutli, the god of the planet Venus. Underneath is shown
his small petticoat or apron of green zapote leaves. From his mouth
protrudes a double-jewelled string, which, perhaps, signifies the
fertilizing rain, for as god of human sacrifice he has a connection
with the gods of fertility. He is similarly represented on sheet 25,
where he is also shown as ruler of the fourteenth tonalamatl division,
and the picture indeed bears a close resemblance to that in Codex
Vaticanus B, except that his breast-ornament, carved from a
snail-shell, is attached to his variegated feather necklace. In this
place he also wears a feather wig with a red crest made of the plumes
of the roseate spoonbill, alternating with chalchihuitls on leather and
the heads of rattle-sticks.
Image of Xipe found at Castillo de Teayo, showing him dressed in the
skin of the sacrificed victim.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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