Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
The god would seem to refer to some unknown myth relating to his own
parentage in verse v. The name Acatonal (“Reed of the Sun”) given to
his father seems to have a calendric significance. The ceremony of the
mist rattle-board, the rattling of which was supposed to bring rain by
sympathetic magic, was one of the ceremonies connected with rain-making
at more than one of the festivals of the Tlaloquê. Poyauhtlan (“Place
of Mugwort”) is a district of Tlalocan, as well as the name of his
temple, and Toxcuecuex is Uitzilopochtli. The last verse seems to
allude to the myth mentioned in the interpretation of Codex Vaticanus
A, where it is stated that, as no rain had fallen for a period of four
years, Quetzalcoatl began to make sacrifices to obtain it, and, the
worshipper or priest hints, will receive the consequent honour.
According to Boturini, quoting Gemelli Carreri (tom. 6, p. 83), Tlaloc
was the deity who at the behest of Tezcatlipocâ raised the earth out of
the waters of the universal flood, and who counsels men by his divine
messages written in the lightning and the thunderbolt to live wisely
and morally. Like most of the theories of this writer, this is pure
allegory. Following the analogy of the calendar stone, we seem to see
Tlaloc as the sun during the period of Naui Quiauitl, or “Four Rain,”
which ended in a universal conflagration. The interpreter of the Codex
Vaticanus A alludes to Tlaloc as feminine, speaks of him as “goddess of
water,” and explains Tlaloquê as signifying “fine weather.” Farther on
he states that “on the 21st of December they celebrated the festival of
this god through whose instrumentality they say the earth became again
visible after it had been covered with the waters of the deluge; they
therefore kept his festival during the twenty following signs, in which
they performed sacrifices to him.”
The abode of Tlaloc was in Tlalocan, the heights on the road from
Texcuco to Huetzotzinca and Tlaxcallan, a high and shady place. [255]
This locality remained verdant and moist because of its proximity to
the snowy peaks above it even when the plains beneath languished in
drought under merciless sunshine, and it seems natural that it should
have appealed to the ancient Mexicans as a fitting abode for the god of
rain. Of Tlalocan in its more mythical sense, Sahagun (c. ii, Appendix
to bk. iii) says that there was abundance of all refreshments, green
maize, calabashes, and other vegetables and fruits. Here dwelt the
Tlaloquê, who resembled the priests who ministered to their idols in
that they wore their hair long. The folk who went to that paradise were
those who had been killed by lightning, the leprous, gouty, and
dropsical—any such, in fact, who had died from a “watery” complaint. In
Tlalocan they enjoyed a perpetual summer.
FESTIVALS
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