Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
Besides the patron gods of the days and the weeks there were nine
“Lords of the Night,” which, I am inclined to think with Seler, were
not “lords” or governors of nine consecutive nights, but of nine hours
of each night. Perhaps the best example of these is in the tonalamatl
of the Aubin collection, where they are displayed in continuous and
unbroken squares in the same small, square compartments as the
day-signs and ciphers, and occupy the third and second last vertical
row of the upper and the third cross-row of the lower half. In Codex
Telleriano-Remensis and Codex Vaticanus A they form a special series
above or else facing the day-signs. We also find them displayed on
sheet 14 of Codex Borgia, on sheets 19–23 of Codex Vaticanus B, and on
sheets 2–4 of Codex Fejérváry-Mayer. We know the names of these gods
from the first interpreter of Codex Vaticanus A, who gives them as
follows, with their influences:
1 Xiuhtecutli Good
2 Itztli Bad
3 Piltzintecutli Good
4 Centeotl Indifferent
5 Mictlantecutli Bad
6 Chalchihuitlicue Indifferent
7 Tlazolteotl Bad
8 Tepeyollotl Good
9 Tlaloc Indifferent
Gama describes these nine gods as Acompañados (Companions) and as
Señores de la Noche (Lords of the Night), and from his obscure
rendering of Cristoval de Castillo, as well as from the Manuel de
Ministros de Indios of Jacinto de la Serna, we gather that they held
sway over the night from sunset to sunrise. The Mexicans divided the
night into nine hours, and it is obvious from the astrological point of
view that the Mexican soothsayers who used the tonalamatl must have
found it necessary to estimate not only the “fate” of the several days,
but also that of the several hours and times of the day and night.
[339]
THE LORDS OF THE DAY-HOURS
This of course applies with equal force to the thirteen so-called
“Lords of the Day,” who almost certainly acted as gods of the thirteen
hours of the day. They were [340]:
1 Xiuhtecutli
2 Tlaltecutli
3 Chalchihuitlicue
4 Tonatiuh
5 Tlazolteotl
6 Teoyaomiqui
7 Xochipilli
8 Tlaloc
9 Quetzalcoatl
10 Tezcatlipocâ
11 Mictlantecutli
12 Tlauizcalpantecutli
13 Ilamatecutli
Seler, in his Commentary on the Aubin Tonalamatl, gives the following
table of the gods of the night and day hours:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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