Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
names of Michabo, Manibozho, Wabos, and so forth, being described in
myth as a warrior, hero-god and culture-bringer. Perhaps the Nahua,
while still in a more northern region where the agave was unknown to
them, worshipped the rabbit of the sun or moon, and on establishing
themselves in a region where the maguey was one of the salient features
in the landscape, fused his myth with that of a newly-acquired fetish,
discarding later the more ancient belief, or retaining but a confused
memory of it. But this train of reasoning lacks evidence to support it.
Nor need the consideration of Uitzilopochtli’s serpent-form detain us
long. I think I see in the myth which recounts how the Aztecâ, on
settling in Tenochtitlan, beheld an eagle perched on a cactus with a
serpent in its talons, some relation to Uitzilopochtli, but what it
precisely portends is still obscure to me. In any case the symbol of
the eagle enters into his insignia, as does that of the serpent. We
will recall that he was known as Magueycoatl, [113] “Serpent of the
Maguey.” Again the solar character of the serpent in America, as
elsewhere, readily accounts for his later connection with it, and for
the prevalence of serpentine forms in his insignia and temple. But I
confess that these two points of contact with the serpent do not
altogether satisfy me as regards the god’s connection with it, nor does
the fact of the serpentine character of his mother commend itself to me
as altogether explanatory of this, and I think we must look to
Uitzilopochtli’s nature as a wizard or sorcerer to enlighten us upon
this point. Jacinto de la Serna [114] states that in his time some of
the Mexican conjurers used a wand around which was fastened a living
serpent, in much the same way as the priests of the Pueblo Indians do
at the present day; and as the great invisible medicine man of the
tribe, Uitzilopochtli may have been thought of as doing the same. “Who
is a manito?” asks the Meda chant of the Algonquins. “He,” is the
reply, “who walketh with a serpent, he is a manito.” For the connection
of the Indian magicians with the serpent the reader is referred to the
pages of Brinton. [115]
In many lands the serpent is the symbol of reproductive power and has a
phallic significance. In Mexico he casts his winter skin near the time
of Uitzilopochtli’s first festival, about the beginning of the rainy
season. Moreover, this reptile is connected with soothsaying, and in
this respect resembles the god.
His myths, as well as his status in Mexico-Tenochtitlan, of which he
was the tutelary deity, make it plain that Uitzilopochtli was a tribal
god of the Aztecâ, their national god par excellence. The brave
Quauhtemoc, the last native defender of the city, imagined himself
invincible when armed with the bow and arrows of Uitzilopochtli, and we
know that the advice of the oracle of that deity was sought by the
Mexicans when hard pressed by the Conquistadores.
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