Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
In common with the majority of the greater Mexican deities,
Tezcatlipocâ had a stellar connection. He was one of the Tzitzimimê who
had fallen from heaven, and the Historia de los Mexicanos por sus
Pinturas remarks of him, “the constellation of the Great Bear descends
to the water because it is Tezcatlipocâ, who has his seat there,” thus
also indicating that he ruled the northern quarter, out of which, it
was considered, no good thing might come. His Tzitzimimê shape appears
to have been the spider. In American-Indian myth the stars are
frequently regarded as having spider form, and especially so in Mexican
myth. In several of the codices, notably in Codex Borbonicus, the
Tzitzimimê or star-demons are represented in insect shape. Thus,
Tezcatlipocâ, when he descended from heaven to harass Quetzalcoatl, did
so by means of a spider’s web, so that we are justified in regarding
the spider as his stellar form.
The origin of his conception as the sun of the north and as the setting
sun seems reasonably clear and is secondary in character. As the sun
sinks in the west its brilliant gold turns to a glassy red, reminiscent
of the dull reflex of light in a surface of polished obsidian. The
mirror held by Tezcatlipocâ, with its fringe of feathers, obviously
represents the sun of evening. But he is also to be thought of as the
torrid and blazing orb of the dry season, scorching and merciless.
I regard his several coloured forms as symbolic of various kinds of
weather. Thus, in his black form he appears to represent the rainy
season; in his red, the torrid and dry period of the year; in his
white, cold and frost; and in his striped painting, the embodiment of
fair weather. Thus Tezcatlipocâ is the atmospheric god par excellence,
ruler of all meteorological conditions. In the prayers offered up to
him it is frequently stated that he may, if he so chooses, send rain
and plenty, and this aspect of him seems to account for his variously
coloured disguises. That these were, indeed, regarded as practically
separate divine forms is clear from the first chapter of the Historia
de los Mexicanos por sus Pinturas, which alludes to the Black and Red
Tezcatlipocâ as two entirely different gods.
Tezcatlipocâ, at the period of the Conquest, had developed attributes
of a more lofty kind than any of those already described. Like
Quetzalcoatl, and because he was a god of the wind or atmosphere, he
came to be regarded as the personification of the breath of life. In
the mind of savage man the wind is usually the giver of breath, the
great store-house of respiration, the source of immediate life. In many
mythologies the name of the principal deity is synonymous with that for
wind, and in others the words “soul” and “breath” have a common origin.
It has been suggested that the Hebrew Jahveh (the archaic form of
Jehovah) is connected with the Arabic hawah, to blow or breathe, and
that Jahveh was originally a wind or tempest god.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account