Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
Festivals:
Ce acatl (movable feast).
Atlacahualco.
Compass Direction: East.
ASPECT AND INSIGNIA
General.—The insignia of Quetzalcoatl is fairly constant in its
appearance. He usually wears the Huaxtec cone-shaped hat painted in the
design of the jaguar-skin, which is occasionally divided vertically
into a black or blue and a red field, having an eye in the middle. The
hair is bound by a leather strap set with jewels, which has a
conventional bird’s head on the front, and in Codex Borgia consistently
shows a black, stepped pattern on a white ground. Elsewhere a bow with
rounded ends takes the place of this strap, but in Borgia (sheet 62)
the hair is bound up with two intertwined snakes. At the back of the
neck a fan-shaped nape-ornament is usually seen, consisting of black
feathers, from which rise the red plumes of the quetzal bird, and it
seems, from the account of the costume sent to Cortéz by Motecuhzoma,
that this nape-appendage was made from grouse-feathers, although the
Spanish account states that they belonged to the crow. The god usually
wears white ear-pendants of hook-like shape, which, Sahagun states,
were made of gold. The necklace is of spirally voluted snail-shells,
and on the breast is worn a large ornament, also sliced from a shell.
The ends of the loin-cloth are rounded off and are generally painted in
two colours—brown, the colour of the jaguar-skin, and white or red. The
god’s atlatl, or spear-thrower, is painted with the stellar design of
white circles on a black ground, and in his headdress is stuck the
agave-leaf spike and the bone dagger, the implements of penance and
mortification. The body-paint is frequently black, like that of the
priests. Most of these insignia are of Huaxtec origin and show that
Quetzalcoatl was usually associated with this coastal people. The
snail-shell ornament on the breast, the hook-shaped ear-pendant, the
fan-shaped nape-ornament, and the cone-shaped cap, were undoubtedly of
Huaxtec origin, and such objects have been taken from Huaxtec graves
and are found represented on vases and jugs from the State of Hidalgo.
In many representations of him the god is seen wearing a long-snouted
mask, usually painted a bright red, through which he was supposed to
expel the wind in his guise of Eecatl, the Wind-god. This mask is
frequently fringed with a beard.
Codex Vaticanus B.—Sheet 75: Quetzalcoatl’s body-paint is a dark
colour, and in his hair he wears unspun cotton, as does Tlazoltcotl.
Sheet 76: Here his face is painted black and he wears the fillet with
the step-pattern and the two-coloured cap, and in his hair are stuck
the instruments of mortification. He holds in his hand a snake, which
is to be regarded as the agricultural implement with which he tills the
ground.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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