The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
We have seen that the Mikado’s food was cooked every day in new pots and
served up in new dishes; both pots and dishes were of common clay, in
order that they might be broken or laid aside after they had been once
used. They were generally broken, for it was believed that if any one else
ate his food out of these sacred dishes his mouth and throat would become
swollen and inflamed. The same ill effect was thought to be experienced by
any one who should wear the Mikado’s clothes without his leave; he would
have swellings and pains all over his body.(561) In the evil effects thus
supposed to follow upon the use of the Mikado’s vessels or clothes we see
that other side of the divine king’s or god-man’s character to which
attention has been already called. The divine person is a source of danger
as well as of blessing; he must not only be guarded, he must also be
guarded against. His sacred organism, so delicate that a touch may
disorder it, is also electrically charged with a powerful spiritual force
which may discharge itself with fatal effect on whatever comes in contact
with it. Hence the isolation of the man-god is quite as necessary for the
safety of others as for his own. His divinity is a fire, which, under
proper restraints, confers endless blessings, but, if rashly touched or
allowed to break bounds, burns and destroys what it touches. Hence the
disastrous effects supposed to attend a breach of taboo; the offender has
thrust his hand into the divine fire, which shrivels up and consumes him
on the spot. To take an example from the taboo we are considering. It
happened that a New Zealand chief of high rank and great sanctity had left
the remains of his dinner by the wayside. A slave, a stout, hungry fellow,
coming up after the chief had gone, saw the unfinished dinner, and ate it
up without asking questions. Hardly had he finished when he was informed
by a horror-stricken spectator that the food of which he had eaten was the
chief’s. “I knew the unfortunate delinquent well. He was remarkable for
courage, and had signalised himself in the wars of the tribe.... No sooner
did he hear the fatal news than he was seized by the most extraordinary
convulsions and cramp in the stomach, which never ceased till he died,
about sundown the same day. He was a strong man, in the prime of life, and
if any pakeha [European] freethinker should have said he was not killed by
the _tapu_ [taboo] of the chief, which had been communicated to the food
by contact, he would have been listened to with feelings of contempt for
his ignorance and inability to understand plain and direct evidence.”(562)
This is not a solitary case. A Maori woman having eaten of some fruit, and
being afterwards told that the fruit had being taken from a tabooed place,
exclaimed that the spirit of the chief whose sanctity had been thus
profaned would kill her. This was in the afternoon, and next day by twelve
o’clock she was dead.(563) An observer who knows the Maoris well, says,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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