The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
Some of the reasons for preferring a violent death to the slow death of
old age or disease are obviously as applicable to common men as to the
man-god. Thus the Mangaians think that “the spirits of those who die a
natural death are excessively feeble and weak, as their bodies were at
dissolution; whereas the spirits of those who are slain in battle are
strong and vigorous, their bodies not having been reduced by
disease.”(765) Hence, men sometimes prefer to kill themselves or to be
killed before they grow feeble, in order that in the future life their
souls may start fresh and vigorous as they left their bodies, instead of
decrepit and worn out with age and disease. Thus in Fiji, “self-immolation
is by no means rare, and they believe that as they leave this life, so
they will remain ever after. This forms a powerful motive to escape from
decrepitude, or from a crippled condition, by a voluntary death.”(766) Or,
as another observer of the Fijians puts it more fully, “the custom of
voluntary suicide on the part of the old men, which is among their most
extraordinary usages, is also connected with their superstitions
respecting a future life. They believe that persons enter upon the
delights of their elysium with the same faculties, mental and physical,
that they possess at the hour of death, in short, that the spiritual life
commences where the corporeal existence terminates. With these views, it
is natural that they should desire to pass through this change before
their mental and bodily powers are so enfeebled by age as to deprive them
of their capacity for enjoyment. To this motive must be added the contempt
which attaches to physical weakness among a nation of warriors, and the
wrongs and insults which await those who are no longer able to protect
themselves. When therefore a man finds his strength declining with the
advance of age, and feels that he will soon be unequal to discharge the
duties of this life, and to partake in the pleasures of that which is to
come, he calls together his relations, and tells them that he is now worn
out and useless, that he sees they are all ashamed of him, and that he has
determined to be buried.” So on a day appointed they meet and bury him
alive.(767) In Vaté (New Hebrides) the aged were buried alive at their own
request. It was considered a disgrace to the family of an old chief if he
was not buried alive.(768) Of the Kamants, a Jewish tribe in Abyssinia, it
is reported that “they never let a person die a natural death, but if any
of their relatives is nearly expiring, the priest of the village is called
to cut his throat; if this be omitted, they believe that the departed soul
has not entered the mansions of the blessed.”(769)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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