The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
The points of similarity between these North European personages and the
subject of our inquiry—the King of the Wood or priest of Nemi—are
sufficiently striking. In these northern maskers we see kings, whose dress
of bark and leaves, along with the hut of green boughs and the fir-trees
under which they hold their court, proclaim them unmistakably as, like
their Italian counterpart, Kings of the Wood. Like him they die a violent
death; but like him they may escape from it for a time by their bodily
strength and agility; for in several of these northern customs the flight
and pursuit of the king is a prominent part of the ceremony, and in one
case at least if the king can outrun his pursuers he retains his life and
his office for another year. In this last case, in fact, the king holds
office on condition of running for his life once a year, just as the King
of Calicut in later times held office on condition of defending his life
against all comers once every twelve years, and just as the priest of Nemi
held office on condition of defending himself against any assault at any
time. In all these cases the life of the god-man is prolonged on condition
of showing, in a severe physical contest of fight or flight, that his
bodily strength is not decayed, and that, therefore, the violent death,
which sooner or later is inevitable, may for the present be postponed.
With regard to flight it is noticeable that flight figured conspicuously
both in the legend and the practice of the King of the Wood. He had to be
a runaway slave (_fugitivus_) in memory of the flight of Orestes, the
traditional founder of the worship; hence the Kings of the Wood are
described by an ancient writer as “both strong of hand and fleet of
foot.”(825) Perhaps if we knew the ritual of the Arician grove fully we
might find that the king was allowed a chance for his life by flight, like
his Bohemian brother. We may conjecture that the annual flight of the
priestly king at Rome (_regifugium_)(826) was at first a flight of the
same kind; in other words, that he was originally one of those divine
kings who are either put to death after a fixed period or allowed to prove
by the strong hand or the fleet foot that their divinity is vigorous and
unimpaired. One more point of resemblance may be noted between the Italian
King of the Wood and his northern counterparts. In Saxony and Thüringen
the representative of the tree-spirit, after being killed, is brought to
life again by a doctor. This is exactly what legend affirmed to have
happened to the first King of the Wood at Nemi, Hippolytus or Virbius, who
after he had been killed by his horses was restored to life by the
physician Aesculapius.(827) Such a legend tallies well with the theory
that the slaying of the King of the Wood was only a step to his revival or
resurrection in his successor.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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