410 B. F. Matthes, _Bijdragen tot de Ethnologie van Zuid-Celebes_, p. 33; _id._, _Over de Bissoes of heidensche priesters en priesteressen der Boeginezen_, p. 9 _sq._; _id._, _Makassaarsch-Hollandsch Woordenboek_, _svv._ _Koêrróe_ and _soemāñgá_, pp. 41, 569. Of these two words, the former means the sound made in calling fowls, and the latter means the soul. The expression for the ceremonies described in the text is _ápakoêrróe soemāñgá_. 411 Shway Yoe, _The Burman, his Life and Notions_, ii. 100. 412 J. L. Wilson, _West Afrika_, p. 162 _sq._ (German translation). 413 J. G. F. Riedel, _De sluik-en kroesharige rassen tusschen Selebes en Papua_, p. 267. For detention of sleeper’s soul by spirits and consequent illness, see also Mason, quoted in Bastian’s _Die Völker des östlichen Asien_, ii. 387 _note_. _ 414 Indian Antiquary_, 1878, vii. 273; Bastian, _Völkerstämme am Brahmaputra_, p. 127. Similar story (lizard form of soul not mentioned) told by Hindus, _Panjab Notes and Queries_, iii. No. 679. 415 E. Gerard, _The Land beyond the Forest_, ii. 27 _sq._ A similar story is told in Holland, J. W. Wolf, _Nederlandsche Sagen_, No. 251, p. 344 _sq._ The stories of Hermotimus and King Gunthram belong to the same class. In the latter the king’s soul comes out of his mouth as a small reptile. The soul of Aristeas issued from his mouth in the form of a raven. Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ vii. § 174; Lucian, _Muse. Encom._ 7; Paulus, _Hist. Langobardorum_, iii. 34. In an East Indian story of the same type the sleeper’s soul issues from his nose in the form of a cricket. Wilken in _De Indische Gids_, June 1884, p. 940. In a Swabian story a girl’s soul creeps out of her mouth in the form of a white mouse. Birlinger, _Volksthümliches aus Schwaben_, i. 303. 416 Shway Yoe, _The Burman_, ii. 103; Bastian, _Die Völker des östlichen Asien_, ii. 389; Blumentritt, “Der Ahnencultus und die religiösen Anschauungen der Malaien des Philippinen-Archipels,” in _Mittheilungen d. Wiener Geogr. Gesellschaft_, 1882, p. 209; Riedel, _De sluik-en kroesharige rassen tusschen Selebes en Papua_, p. 440; id., “Die Landschaft Dawan oder West-Timor,” in _Deutsche Geographische Blätter_, x. 280. _ 417 Panjab Notes and Queries_, iii. No. 530. 418 Ralston, _Songs of the Russian People_, p. 117 _sq._ 419 Bastian, _Die Seele und ihre Erscheinungwesen in der Ethnographie_, p. 36. _ 420 Pantschatantra_, Benfey, p. 124 _sqq._ _ 421 Katha Sarit Ságara_, trans. Tawney, i. 21 _sq._ 422 E. B. Cross, “On the Karens,” in _Journal of the American Oriental Society_, iv. 311. 423 A. R. M’Mahon, _The Karens of the Golden Chersonese_, p. 318. 424 F. Mason, “Physical Character of the Karens,” in _Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal_, 1866, pt. ii. p. 28 _sq._