781 Mohammed Ebn-Omar El-Tounsy, _Voyage au Darfour_ (Paris, 1845), p. 162 _sq._; _Travels of an Arab Merchant in Soudan_, abridged from the French by Bayle St. John (London, 1854), p. 78; _Bulletin de la Société de Géographie_ (Paris) IVme Série, iv. (1852) p. 539 _sq._ 782 R. W. Felkin, “Notes on the Waganda Tribe of Central Africa,” in _Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh_, xiii. (1884-1886) p. 711. _ 783 Narrative of events in Borneo and Celebes, from the Journals of James Brooke, Esq., Rajah of Sarawak._ By Captain R. Mundy, i. 134. 784 Simon Grunau, _Preussische Chronik_, herausgegeben von Dr. M. Perlbach (Leipzig, 1876), i. p. 97. 785 Barbosa, _A Description of the Coasts of East Africa and Malabar in the beginning of the Sixteenth Century_ (Hakluyt Society, 1866), p. 172 _sq._ 786 Alex. Hamilton, “A new Account of the East Indies,” in Pinkerton’s _Voyages and Travels_, viii. 374. 787 Athenaeus, xiv. p. 639 c; Dio Chrysostom, _Orat._ iv. p. 69 _sq._ (vol. i. p. 76, ed. Dindorf). Dio Chrysostom does not mention his authority, but it was probably either Berosus or Ctesias. Though the execution of the mock king is not mentioned in the passage of Berosus cited by Athenaeus, the omission is probably due to the fact that the mention of it was not germane to Athenaeus’s purpose, which was simply to give a list of festivals at which masters waited on their servants. That the ζωγάνης was put to death is further shown by Macrobius, _Sat._ iii. 7, 6, “_Animas vero sacratorum hominum quos † zanas Graeci vocant, dis debitas aestimabant_,” where for _zanas_ we should probably read ζωγάνας with Liebrecht, in _Philologus_, xxii. 710, and Bachofen, _Die Sage von Tanaquil_, p. 52, _note_ 16. The custom, so far as appears from our authorities, does not date from before the Persian domination in Babylon; but probably it was much older. In the passage of Dio Chrysostom ἐκρέμασαν should be translated “crucified” (or “impaled”), not “hung.” It is strange that this, the regular, sense of κρεμάννυμι, as applied to executions, should not be noticed even in the latest edition of Liddell and Scott’s _Greek Lexicon_. Hanging, though a mode of suicide, was not a mode of execution in antiquity either in the east or west. In one of the passages cited by L. and S. for the sense “to hang” (Plutarch, _Caes._ 2), the context proves that the meaning is “to crucify.” 788 E. Aymonier, _Notice sur le Cambodge_, p. 61; J. Moura, _Le Royaume du Cambodge_, i. 327 _sq._ For the connection of the temporary king’s family with the royal house, see Aymonier, _op. cit._ p. 36 _sq._