919 For the authorities see W. Mannhardt, _Antike Wald- und Feldkulte_, p. 279, _note_ 2, and p. 280, _note_ 2; to which add Diogenianus, i. 14; Plutarch, _De sera num. vind._ 17. Women only are mentioned as planting the gardens of Adonis by Plutarch, _l.c._; Julian, _Convivium_, p. 329 ed. Spanheim (p. 423 ed. Hertlein); Eustathius on Homer, _Od._ xi. 590. On the other hand Diogenianus, _l.c._ says φυτεύοντες ἢ φυτεύουσαι. 920 Plutarch, _Alcibiades_, 18; _id._, _Nicias_, 13. The date of the sailing of the fleet is given by Thucydides, vi. 30, θέρους μεσοῦντος ἤδη. 921 In hot southern countries like Egypt and the Semitic regions of Western Asia, where vegetation depends chiefly or entirely upon irrigation, the purpose of the charm is doubtless to secure a plentiful flow of water in the streams. But as the ultimate object and the charms for securing it are the same in both cases, it has not been thought necessary always to point out the distinction. 922 See above, p. 16. 923 W. Mannhardt, _Baumkultus_, p. 214; W. Schmidt, _Das Jahr und seine Tage in Meinung und Brauch der Romänen Siebenbürgens_, p. 18 _sq._ 924 G. A. Heinrich, _Agrarische Sitten und Gebräuche unter den Sachsen Siebenbürgens_ (Hermanstadt, 1880), p. 24; Wsissocki, _Sitten und Brauch der Siebenbürger Sachsen_ (Hamburg, 1888), p. 32. 925 Matthäus Praetorius, _Deliciae Prussicae_, 55; W. Mannhardt, _Baumkultus_, p. 214 _sq._ _note_. 926 Praetorius, _op. cit._, 60; W. Mannhardt, _Baumkultus_, p. 215, _note_. 927 A. H. Sayce, _Religion of the ancient Babylonians_ (Hibbert Lectures, 1887), p. 221 _sqq._; W. Mannhardt, _Antike Wald- und Feldkulte_, p. 275. 928 According to Jerome (on Ezechiel, viii. 14), Thammuz was June; but according to modern scholars the month corresponded rather to July, or to part of June and part of July. Movers, _Die Phoenizier_, i. 210; Mannhardt, _A. W. F._ p. 275. My friend, Prof. W. Robertson Smith, informs me that owing to the variations of the local Syrian calendars the month Thammuz fell in different places at different times, from midsummer to autumn, or from June to September. 929 A. H. Sayce, _op. cit._ p. 238. 930 Dalton, _Ethnology of Bengal_, p. 259. 931 Above, p. 67. 932 Antonio Bresciani, _Dei costumi dell’ isola di Sardegna comparati cogli antichissimi popoli orientali_ (Rome and Turin, 1866), p. 427 _sq._; R. Tennant, _Sardinia and its Resources_ (Rome and London, 1885), p. 187; S. Gabriele, “Usi dei contadini della Sardegna,” _Archivio per lo studio delle tradizioni popolari_, vii. (1888) p. 469 _sq._ Tennant says that the pots are kept in a dark warm place, and that the children leap across the fire. 933 See ch. i. p. 78 _sq._ 934 P. 272. 935 L. Lloyd, _Peasant Life in Sweden_, p. 257.