1057 The festivals of Dionysus were biennial in many places. See Schömann, _Griechische Alterthümer_,3 ii. 500 _sqq._ (The terms for the festival were τριετηρίς, τριετηρικός both terms of the series being included in the numeration, in accordance with the ancient mode of reckoning.) Probably the festivals were formerly annual and the period was afterwards lengthened, as has happened with other festivals. See W. Mannhardt, _Baumkultus_, pp. 172, 175; 491, 533 _sq._, 598. Some of the festivals of Dionysus, however, were annual. 1058 Firmicus Maternus, _De err. prof. relig._ 6. _ 1059 Mythogr. Vatic._ ed. Bode, _l.c._ 1060 Plutarch, _Consol. ad uxor._ 10. Cp. _id._, _Isis et Osiris_, 35; _id._, _De ei Delphico_, 9; _id._, _De esu carnium_, i. 7. 1061 Pausanias, ii. 31, 2, and 37, 5; Apollodorus, iii. 5, 3. 1062 Pausanias, ii. 37, 5 _sq._; Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 35; _id._, _Quaest. Conviv._ iv. 6, 2. 1063 Himerius, _Orat._ iii. 6, xiv. 7. 1064 For Dionysus, see Lenormant in Daremberg et Saglio, i. 632. For Osiris, see Wilkinson, _Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians_ (London, 1878), iii. 65. 1065 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 35; _id._, _Quaest. Graec._ 36; Athenaeus, xi. 476 A; Clemens Alexandr., _Protrept._ ii. 16; _Orphica_, Hymn xxx. _vv._ 3, 4, xlv. 1, lii. 2, liii. 8; Euripides, _Bacchae_, 99; Schol. on Aristophanes, _Frogs_, 357; Nicander, _Alexipharmaca_, 31; Lucian, _Bacchus_, 2. 1066 Euripides, _Bacchae_, 920 _sqq._, 1017. 1067 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 35; Athenaeus, _l.c._ 1068 Diodorus, iii. 64, 2, iv. 4, 2; Cornutus, _De natura deorum_, 30. 1069 Diodorus, _l.c._; Tzetzes, _Schol. in Lycophr._ 209; Philostratus, _Imagines_, i. 14 (15). 1070 Müller-Wieseler, _Denkmäler der alten Kunst_, ii. pl. xxxiii.; Daremberg et Saglio, i. 619 _sq._, 631; Roscher, _Ausführl. Lexikon_, i. c. 1149 _sqq._ 1071 Welcker, _Alte Denkmäler_, v. taf. 2. 1072 Plutarch, _Quaest. Graec._ 36; _id._, _Isis et Osiris_, 35. 1073 Nonnus, _Dionys._ vi. 205. 1074 Firmicus Maternus, _De errore profan. religionum_, 6. 1075 Euripides, _Bacchae_, 735 _sqq._; Schol. on Aristophanes, _Frogs_, 357. 1076 Hesychius, _s.v._ Ἔριφος ὁ Διόνυσος, on which there is a marginal gloss ὁ μικρὸς αἴξ, ὁ ἐν τῷ ἔαρι φαινόμενος, ἤγουν ὁ πρώϊμος; Stephanus Byzant. _s.v._ Ἀκρώρεια. The title Εἰραφιώτης is probably to be explained in the same way. [Homer], _Hymn_ xxxiv. 2; Porphyry, _De abstin._ iii. 17; Dionysius, _Perieg._ 576; _Etymolog. Magnum_, p. 371, 57. 1077 Apollodorus, iii. 4, 3. 1078 Ovid, _Metam._ v. 329; Antoninus Liberalis, 28; _Mythogr. Vatic._ ed. Bode, i. 86, p. 29.