The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2)Frazer, James George
ReligionComparative
The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
Once more, the influence which these bonfires are supposed to exert on the
weather and on vegetation, goes to show that they are sun-charms, since
the effects ascribed to them are identical with those of sunshine. Thus,
in Sweden the warmth or cold of the coming season is inferred from the
direction in which the flames of the bonfire are blown; if they blow to
the south, it will be warm, if to the north, cold. No doubt at present the
direction of the flames is regarded merely as an augury of the weather,
not as a mode of influencing it. But we may be pretty sure that this is
one of the cases in which magic has dwindled into divination. So in the
Eifel Mountains, when the smoke blows towards the corn-fields, this is an
omen that the harvest will be abundant. But doubtless the older view was,
not merely that the smoke and flames prognosticated, but that they
actually produced an abundant harvest, the heat of the flames acting like
sunshine on the corn. Indeed, this older view must still have been held by
people in the Isle of Man when they lit fires to windward of their fields
in order that the smoke might blow over them. Again, the idea that the
corn will grow well as far as the blaze of the bonfire is visible, is
certainly a remnant of the belief in the quickening and fertilising power
of the bonfires. The same belief reappears in the notion that embers taken
from the bonfires and inserted in the fields will promote the growth of
the crops, and again it plainly underlies the custom of mixing the ashes
of the bonfire with the seed-corn at sowing, or of scattering the ashes by
themselves over the field. The belief that the flax will grow as high as
the people leap over the bonfire belongs clearly to the same class of
ideas. Once more, we saw that at Konz, on the banks of the Moselle, if the
blazing wheel which was trundled down the hillside reached the river
without being extinguished, this was hailed as a proof that the vintage
would be abundant. So firmly was this belief held that the successful
performance of the ceremony entitled the villagers to levy a tax upon the
owners of the neighbouring vineyards. Here the unextinguished wheel meant
an unclouded sun, and this in turn meant an abundant vintage. So the
waggon-load of white wine which the villagers received from the vineyards
round about was in fact a payment for the sunshine which they had procured
for the grapes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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