The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2)Frazer, James George
ReligionComparative
The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
informant has been confirmed by the French missionary Petitot, who has
also published the “obscure story” to which Hodgson refers. The Loucheux
and Hare-skin Indians who roam the bleak steppes and forests that stretch
from Hudson’s Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and northward to the frozen sea,
are forbidden by custom to eat the sinew of the legs of animals. To
explain this custom they tell the following “sacred story.” Once upon a
time a man found a burrow of porcupines, and going down into it after the
porcupines he lost his way in the darkness, till a kind giant called “He
who sees before and behind” released him by cleaving open the earth. So
the man, whose name was “Fireless and Homeless,” lived with the kind
giant, and the giant hunted elans and beavers for him, and carried him
about in the sheath of his flint knife. “But know, my son,” said the
giant, “that he who uses the sky as his head is angry with me, and has
sworn my destruction. If he slays me the clouds will be tinged with my
blood; they will be red with it, probably.” Then he gave the man an axe
made of the tooth of a gigantic beaver, and went forth to meet his enemy.
But from under the ice the man heard a dull muffled sound. It was a whale
which was making this noise because it was naked and cold. Warned by the
man, the giant went toward the whale, which took human shape, and rushed
upon the giant. It was the wicked giant, the kind giant’s enemy. The two
struggled together for a long time, till the kind giant cried, “Oh, my
son! cut, cut the sinew of the leg.” The man cut the sinew, and the wicked
giant fell down and was slain. That is why the Indians do not eat the
sinew of the leg. Afterwards, one day the sky suddenly grew red, so
Fireless and Homeless knew that the kind giant was dead, and he wept.(403)
This myth, it is almost needless to observe, does not really explain the
custom. No people ever observed a custom because a mythical being was said
to have once acted in a certain way. But, on the contrary, all peoples
have invented myths to explain why they observed certain customs.
Dismissing, therefore, the story of Fireless and Homeless as a myth
invented to explain why the Indians abstain from eating a particular
sinew, it may be suggested(404) that the original reason for observing the
custom was a belief that the sinew in question was necessary to
reproduction, and that deprived of it the slain animals could not come to
life again and stock the steppes and prairies either of the present world
or of the spirit land. We have seen that the resurrection of animals is a
common article of savage faith, and that when the Lapps bury the skeleton
of the male bear in the hope of its resurrection they are careful to bury
the genital parts along with it.(405)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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