The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 02 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 02 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
other sepultures the bones of several young children deposited in rudely
hollowed trunks of oak.[609] With all this evidence before us we need
not wonder that Virgil should speak of the primitive inhabitants of Rome
as “born of the tree-trunks and the heart of oak,” and that the Roman
kings should have worn crowns of oak leaves in imitation of the oak-god
Jupiter, who dwelt in his sacred grove on the Capitol.
[Sidenote: The Alban kings may have imitated Latian Jupiter, who dwelt
on the top of the Alban Mount.] If the kings of Rome aped Capitoline
Jove, their predecessors the kings of Alba probably laid themselves out
to mimic the great Latian Jupiter, who had his seat above the city on
the summit of the Alban Mountain. Latinus, the legendary ancestor of the
dynasty, was said to have been changed into Latian Jupiter after
vanishing from the world in the mysterious fashion characteristic of the
old Latin kings.[610] The sanctuary of the god on the top of the
mountain was the religious centre of the Latin League, as Alba was its
political capital till Rome wrested the supremacy from its ancient
rival. Apparently no temple, in our sense of the word, was ever erected
to Jupiter on this his holy mountain; as god of the sky and thunder he
appropriately received the homage of his worshippers in the open air.
The massive wall, of which some remains still enclose the old garden of
the Passionist monastery, seems to have been part of the sacred precinct
which Tarquin the Proud, the last king of Rome, marked out for the
solemn annual assembly of the Latin League.[611] The god’s oldest
sanctuary on this airy mountain-top was a grove;[612] and bearing in
mind not merely the special consecration of the oak to Jupiter, but also
the traditional oak crown of the Alban kings and the analogy of the
Capitoline Jupiter at Rome, we may suppose that the trees in the grove
were oaks.[613] We know that in antiquity Mount Algidus, an outlying
group of the Alban hills, was covered with dark forests of oak;[614] and
among the tribes who belonged to the Latin League in the earliest days,
and were entitled to share the flesh of the white bull sacrificed on the
Alban Mount, there was one whose members styled themselves the Men of
the Oak,[615] doubtless on account of the woods among which they dwelt.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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