C. J. Andersson, _Lake Ngami_, pp. 228 _sq._; Rev. G. Viehe, _op. cit._ i. (1879) pp. 61 _sq._; C. G. Büttner, _l.c._; H. Schinz, _op. cit._ pp. 165, 180. The Herero have a curious twofold system of paternal clans (_otuzo_, plural; _oruzo_, singular) and maternal clans (_omaanda_, plural; _eanda_, singular). Every person inherits an _oruzo_ from his father and an _eanda_ from his mother. See my _Totemism and Exogamy_, ii. 357 _sqq._ Footnote 714: C. J. Andersson, _Lake Ngami_, pp. 223 _sq._; J. Hahn, _op. cit._ iv. (1869) p. 500; Rev. G. Viehe, _op. cit._ i. (1879) pp. 39, 61; C. G. Büttner, _l.c._; H. Brincker, _Wörterbuch des Otji-herero_, _s.vv._ _ondume_ and _otjija_; _id._ “Character, Sitten, und Gebräuche, speciell der Bantu Deutsch-Südwest-afrikas,” _Mittheilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen zu Berlin_, iii. (1900) Dritte Abtheilung, p. 75; _id._ “Pyrolatrie in Südafrika,” _Globus_, lxvii. (January, 1895) p. 96; H. Schinz, _op. cit._ pp. 165 _sq._; J. Kohler, _op. cit._ pp. 305, 315; J. Irle, _Die Herero_, pp. 79 _sq._ According to Dr. Schinz, the meaning of the names applied to the fire-sticks has been much disputed; he himself adopts the view given in the text, and supports it by weighty reason which, taken along with analogous designations in many other parts of the world, may be regarded as conclusive. He tells us that _otyiza_ means _pudendum muliebre_, and this is actually the name of the holed stick according to Mr. Viehe (_ll.cc._), though Dr. Schinz gives _otyia_ as the name. I have followed Dr. Brincker in accepting _otyiya_ (_otjija_) as the correct form of the word. Further, Dr. Schinz derives _ondume_, the name of the pointed stick, from a verb _ruma_, meaning “to have intercourse with a woman.” Moreover, he reports that the Ai San Bushmen, near Noihas, in the Kalahari desert, call the vertical fire-stick _tau doro_ and the horizontal fire-stick _gai doro_, where _tau_ is the masculine prefix and _gai_ the feminine. Finally, a Herero explained to him the significance of the names by referring in an unmistakable manner to the corresponding relations in the animal kingdom. That the two sticks are regarded as male and female is positively affirmed by Mr. Viehe, Mr. Meyer (quoted by J. Kohler), and Dr. Brincker. Footnote 715: See above, pp. 213 _sq._ Mr. G. Viehe says that the _omuwapu_ tree “acts a very important part in almost all the religious ceremonies” of the Herero (_op. cit._ i. 45). Probably it is only used where the _omumborombonga_ cannot be had. Footnote 716: J. Hahn, “Das Land der Herero,” _Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin_, iii. (1868) pp. 200, 213, 214 _sq._; C. J. Andersson, _Lake Ngami_, pp. 218, 221; _id._, _The Okavango River_ (London, 1861), pp. 21 _sq._; H. Schinz, _op. cit._ p. 182. Footnote 717: