The distinction is made also by Mr. J. Irle. According to him, while the fire-sticks are called _ozondume_ (plural of _ondume_), the sticks which represent the ancestors are called _ozohongue_ and are made from the _omuvapu_ bush. In every chief’s house there is a bundle of about twenty of these ancestral sticks. When a chief dies, the sticks are wrapped in a portion of the sacred bull (_omusisi_) which is slaughtered on this occasion, and a new stick is added to the bundle. At the same time Mr. Irle tells us that the fire-sticks (_ozondume_) also represent the ancestors and are made like them from the _omuvapu_ bush. See J. Irle, _Die Herero_, pp. 77, 79. Footnote 729: Bensen, quoted by J. Kohler, “Das Recht der Herero,” _Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft_, xiv. (1900) p. 305. Footnote 730: Rev. G. Viehe, or his editor, _op. cit._ i. (1879) p. 39. The _otyiza_ (_otyiya_) is the female fire-stick. See above, p. 218 note 1. Footnote 731: Rev. G. Viehe, in (_South African_) _Folk-lore Journal_, i. (1879) p. 61. Footnote 732: _Ibid._ p. 43, compare p. 50. Footnote 733: J. Irle, _Die Herero_, p. 79. Footnote 734: I have assumed that the ancestral sticks, whatever their origin, represent only men. This is plainly implied by Dr. Brincker, who tells us that “each of these sticks represents the male member of generation and in the Bantu sense a personality, which stands for the presence of the deceased chief on all festive occasions and especially at religious ceremonies” (“Character, Sitten, und Gebräuche, speciell der Bantu Deutsch-Südwestafrikas,” _Mittheilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen zu Berlin_, iii. (1900) Dritte Abtheilung, p. 74). In savage society women are of too little account for their ghosts to be commonly worshipped. Speaking of the Bantu peoples, a writer who knows them well observes: “This lack of respect for old women is a part of the natives’ religious system, and is connected with their conception of a future life, in which women play a subordinate part, their spirits not being able to cause much trouble, and therefore not being of much account” (Dudley Kidd, _The Essential Kafir_, p. 23). Footnote 735: W. Jochelson, “The Koryak,” pp. 32-36 (_Memoir of the American Museum of Natural History, The Jesup North Pacific Expedition_, vol. vi., Leyden and New York, 1908). Footnote 736: W. Bogaras, “The Chukchee Religion,” pp. 349-353 (_Memoir of the American Museum of Natural History, The Jesup North Pacific Expedition_, vol. vii. part ii., Leyden and New York, 1904). CHAPTER XVI FATHER JOVE AND MOTHER VESTA