The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 02 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 02 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
At the towns of Saffron Walden and Debden in Essex on the first of May
little girls go about in parties from door to door singing a song almost
identical with the above and carrying garlands; a doll dressed in white
is usually placed in the middle of each garland.[244] Similar customs
have been and indeed are still observed in various parts of England. The
garlands are generally in the form of hoops intersecting each other at
right angles. Thus on May morning the girls of the neighbouring villages
used to flock into Northampton bringing their garlands, which they
exhibited from house to house. The skeleton of the garland was formed of
two hoops of osier or hazel crossing each other at right angles, and so
twined with flowers and ribbons that no part of them could be seen. In
the centre of the garlands were placed gaily dressed dolls, one, two, or
three in number according to the size of the garland. The whole was
fixed to a staff about five feet long, by which it was carried. In
shewing their garlands the children chanted some simple ditties and
received in return pennies, which furnished forth a feast on their
return to their homes. A merry dance round the garland concluded the
festivity.[245] At Uttoxeter groups of children carry garlands of
flowers about the town on May Day. “The garlands consist of two hoops,
one passing through the other, which give the appearance of four
half-circles, and they are decorated with flowers and evergreens, and
surmounted with a bunch of flowers as a sort of crown, and in the centre
of the hoops is a pendant orange and flowers.” One or more of the
children carry a little pole or stick upright with a bunch of flowers
fastened to the top. They are themselves decorated with flowers and
ribbons, and receive pence from the houses which they visit.[246] At
Watford in Hertfordshire, groups of children, almost entirely girls, go
about the streets from door to door on May Day singing some verses, of
which two agree almost verbally with those which, as we have seen, are
sung at Abingdon in Berkshire. They are dressed in white, and adorned
with gay ribbons and sashes of many hues. “Two of the girls carry
between them on a stick what they call ‘the garland,’ which in its
simplest form, is made of two circular hoops, intersecting each other at
right angles; a more elaborate form has, in addition, smaller
semicircles inserted in the four angles formed by the meeting of the
hoops at the top of ‘the garland.’ These hoops are covered with any
wild-flowers in season, and are further ornamented with ribbons. The
‘garland’ in shape reminds me of the ‘Christmas’ which used to form the
centre of the Christmas decorations in Yorkshire some few years ago,
except that the latter had a bunch of mistletoe inside the hoops.”[247]
A similar custom was observed at Bampton-in-the-Bush in Oxfordshire down
to about the middle of the nineteenth century. The garland consisted of
two crossed hoops covered with moss, flowers, and ribbons.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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