The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 03 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 03 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
(M241) When Shetland fishermen are at sea, they employ a nomenclature
peculiar to the occasion, and hardly anything may be mentioned by its
usual name. The substituted terms are mostly of Norwegian origin, for the
Norway men were reported to be good fishers.(1456) In setting their lines
the Shetland fishermen are bound to refer to certain objects only by some
special words or phrases. Thus a knife is then called a _skunie_ or
_tullie_; a church becomes _buanhoos_ or _banehoos_; a minister is
_upstanda_ or _haydeen_ or _prestingolva_; the devil is _da auld chield_,
_da sorrow_, _da ill-healt_ (health), or _da black tief_; a cat is
_kirser_, _fitting_, _vengla_, or _foodin_.(1457) On the north-east coast
of Scotland there are some villages, of which the inhabitants never
pronounce certain words and family names when they are at sea; each
village has its peculiar aversion to one or more of these words, among
which are “minister,” “kirk,” “swine,” “salmon,” “trout,” and “dog.” When
a church has to be referred to, as often happens, since some of the
churches serve as land-marks to the fishermen at sea, it is spoken of as
the “bell-hoose” instead of the “kirk.” A minister is called “the man wi’
the black quyte.” It is particularly unlucky to utter the word “sow” or
“swine” or “pig” while the line is being baited; if any one is foolish
enough to do so, the line is sure to be lost. In some villages on the
coast of Fife a fisherman who hears the ill-omened word spoken will cry
out “Cold iron.” In the village of Buckie there are some family names,
especially Ross, and in a less degree Coull, which no fisherman will
pronounce. If one of these names be mentioned in the hearing of a
fisherman, he spits or, as he calls it, “chiffs.” Any one who bears the
dreaded name is called a “chiffer-oot,” and is referred to only by a
circumlocution such as “The man it diz so in so,” or “the laad it lives at
such and such a place.” During the herring-season men who are unlucky
enough to inherit the tabooed names have little chance of being hired in
the fishing-boats; and sometimes, if they have been hired before their
names were known, they have been refused their wages at the end of the
season, because the boat in which they sailed had not been successful, and
the bad luck was set down to their presence in it.(1458) Although in
Scotland superstitions of this kind appear to be specially incident to the
callings of fishermen and fowlers, other occupations are not exempt from
them. Thus in the Outer Hebrides the fire of a kiln is not called fire
(_teine_) but _aingeal_. Such a fire, it is said, is a dangerous thing,
and ought not to be referred to except by a euphemism. “Evil be to him who
called it fire or who named fire in the kiln. It was considered the next
thing to setting it on fire.”(1459) Again, in some districts of Scotland a
brewer would have resented the use of the word “water” in reference to the
work in which he was engaged.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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