42 G. Merolla, _Relazione del viaggio nel regno di Congo_ (Naples, 1726), p. 76. The English version of this passage (Pinkerton’s _Voyages and Travels_, xvi. 228) has already been quoted by Sir John Lubbock (Lord Avebury) in his _Origin of Civilisation_,4 pp. 358 _sq._ In that version the native title of the pontiff is misspelt. 43 Diodorus Siculus, iii. 6; Strabo, xvii. 2. 3, p. 822. M8 Kings of Fazoql on the Blue Nile. 44 R. Lepsius, _Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the peninsula of Sinai_ (London, 1853), pp. 202, 204. I have to thank Dr. E. Westermarck for pointing out these passages to me. Fazoql lies in the fork between the Blue Nile and its tributary the Tumat. See J. Russeger, _Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika_, ii. 2 (Stuttgart, 1844), p. 552 note. 45 Brun-Rollet, _Le Nil Blanc et le Soudan_ (Paris, 1855), pp. 248 _sq._ For the orgiastic character of these annual festivals, see _id._ p. 245. Fazolglou is probably the same as Fazoql. The people who practise the custom are called Bertat by E. Marno (_Reisen im Gebiete des blauen und weissen Nil_ (Vienna, 1874), p. 68). 46 J. Russegger, _Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika_, ii. 2, p. 553. Russegger met Assusa in January 1838, and says that the king had then been a year in office. He does not mention the name of the king’s uncle who had, he tells us, been strangled by the chiefs; but I assume that he was the Yassin who is mentioned by Brun-Rollet. Russegger adds that the strangling of the king was performed publicly, and in the most solemn manner, and was said to happen often in Fazoql and the neighbouring countries. 47 R. Lepsius, _Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the peninsula of Sinai_ (London, 1853), p. 204. Lepsius’s letter is dated “The Pyramids of Meroë, 22nd April 1844.” His informant was Osman Bey, who had lived for sixteen years in these regions. An _anqareb_ or _angareb_ is a kind of bed made by stretching string or leather thongs over an oblong wooden framework. M9 Shilluk custom of putting divine kings to death. The Shilluk kings supposed to be reincarnations of Nyakang, the semi-divine founder of the dynasty. The shrines of Nyakang. 48 I have to thank Dr. Seligmann for his kindness and courtesy in transmitting to me his unpublished account and allowing me to draw on it at my discretion. 49 As to Jŭok (Čuok), the supreme being of the Shilluk, see P. W. Hofmayr, “Religion der Schilluk,” _Anthropos_, vi. (1911) pp. 120-122, whose account agrees with the briefer one given by Dr. C. G. Seligmann. Otiose supreme beings (_dieux fainéants_) of this type, who having made the world do not meddle with it and to whom little or no worship is paid, are common in Africa.