60 See _The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings_, i. 1 _sqq._, ii. 376 _sqq._ M18 The Dinka of the Upper Nile. 61 “E. de Pruyssenaere’s Reisen und Forschungen im Gebiete des Weissen und Blauen Nil,” _Petermann’s Mittheilungen, Ergänzungsheft_, No. 50 (Gotha, 1877), pp. 18-23. Compare G. Schweinfurth, _The Heart of Africa_, Third Edition (London, 1878), i. 48 _sqq._ In the text I have followed de Pruyssenaere’s description of the privations endured by the Dinka in the dry season. But that description is perhaps only applicable in seasons of unusual drought, for Dr. C. G. Seligmann, writing from personal observation, informs me that he regards the description as much overdrawn; in an average year, he tells me, the cattle do not die of famine and the natives are not starving. According to his information the drinking of the blood of their cattle is a luxury in which the Dinka indulge themselves at any time of the year. M19 Dengdit, the Supreme Being of the Dinka. Totemism of the Dinka. 62 For this and the following information as to the religion, totemism, and rain-makers of the Dinka I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. C. G. Seligmann, who investigated the Shilluk and Dinka in 1909-1910 and has most obligingly placed his manuscript materials at my disposal. M20 Rain-makers among the Dinka. 63 On the importance of the rain-makers among the Dinka and other tribes of the Upper Nile, see _The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings_, i. 345 _sqq._ M21 Dinka rain-makers not allowed to die a natural death. M22 Kings put to death in Unyoro and other parts of Africa. _ 64 Emin Pasha in Central Africa, being a Collection of his Letters and Journals_ (London, 1888), p. 91; J. G. Frazer, _Totemism and Exogamy_, ii. 529 _sq._ (from information given by the Rev. John Roscoe). 65 Father Guillemé, in _Annales de la Propagation de la Foi_, lx. (1888) p. 258; _id._, “Credenze religiose dei Negri di Kibanga nell’ Alto Congo,” _Archivio per lo studio delle tradizioni popolari_, vii. (1888) p. 231. _ 66 The Travels of the Jesuits in Ethiopia_, collected and historically digested by F. Balthazar Tellez, of the Society of Jesus (London, 1710), p. 197. We may compare the death of Saul (1 Samuel, xxxi. 3-6). 67 Lieut. H. Pope-Hennessy, “Notes on the Jukos and other Tribes of the Middle Benue,” _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, xxx. (1900) p. (29). 68 J. G. Frazer, _Totemism and Exogamy_, ii. 608, on the authority of Mr. H. R. Palmer, Resident in Charge of Katsina. M23 The Matiamvo of Angola. 69 F. T. Valdez, _Six Years of a Traveller’s Life in Western Africa_ (London, 1861), ii. 194 _sq._ M24 Zulu kings put to death on the approach of old age.