217 A. B. Ellis, _op. cit._ pp. 120 _sq._, 129-138. The slaves, male and female, dedicated to a god from childhood are often mentioned by the German missionary Mr. J. Spieth in his elaborate work on the Ewe people (_Die Eẇe-Stämme: Material zur Kunde des Eẇe-Volkes in Deutsch-Togo_, Berlin, 1906, pp. 228, 229, 309, 450, 474, 792, 797, etc.). But his information does not illustrate the principal points to which I have called attention in the text. M54 In like manner the sacred prostitutes of Western Asia may have been viewed as possessed by the deity and married to the god. _ 218 The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings_, ii. 129-135. 219 Herodotus, i. 181 _sq._ It is not clear whether the same or a different woman slept every night in the temple. 220 H. Winckler, _Die Gesetze Hammurabi_2 (Leipsic, 1903), p. 31, § 182; C. H. W. Johns, _Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts, and Letters_ (Edinburgh, 1904), pp. 54, 55, 59, 60, 61 (§§ 137, 144, 145, 146, 178, 182, 187, 192, 193, of the Code of Hammurabi). As to these female votaries see especially C. H. W. Johns, “Notes on the Code of Hammurabi,” _American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures_, xix. (January 1903) pp. 98-107. Compare S. A. Cook, _The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi_ (London, 1903), pp. 147-150. 221 C. H. W. Johns, “Notes on the Code of Hammurabi,” _l.c._, where we read (p. 104) of a female votary of Shamash who had a daughter. _ 222 Code of Hammurabi_, § 181; C. H. W. Johns, “Notes on the Code of Hammurabi,” _op. cit._ pp. 100 sq.; S. A. Cook, _op. cit._ p. 148. Dr. Johns translates the name by “temple maid” (_Babylonian and Assyrian Laws_, _Contracts, and Letters_, p. 61). He is scrupulously polite to these ladies, but I gather from him that a far less charitable view of their religious vocation is taken by Father Scheil, the first editor and translator of the code. 223 Any man proved to have pointed the finger of scorn at a votary was liable to be branded on the forehead (_Code of Hammurabi_, § 127). 224 See above, pp. 66, 69. 225 Herodotus, i. 182. 226 A. Wiedemann, _Herodots Zweites Buch_ (Leipsic, 1890), pp. 268 _sq._ See further _The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings_, ii. 130 _sqq._ 227 Strabo, xvii. 1. 46, p. 816. The title “concubines of Zeus (Ammon)” is mentioned by Diodorus Siculus (i. 47). 228 Diodorus Siculus, i. 47. M55 Similarly the sacred men (_ḳedeshim_) of Western Asia may have been regarded as possessed by the deity and as acting and speaking in his name. 229 The ἱερόδουλοι, as the Greeks called them.