620 Strabo, xiv. 1. 44, pp. 649 _sq._ A coin of Nysa shows the bull carried to the sacrifice by six naked youths and preceded by a naked flute-player. See B. V. Head, _Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Lydia_, pp. lxxxiii. 181, pl. xx. 10. Strabo was familiar with this neighbourhood, for he tells us (xiv. 1. 48, p. 650) that in his youth he studied at Nysa under the philosopher Aristodemus. M155 Sanctuary of Pluto at the Lydian or Phrygian Hierapolis. 621 Some of the ancients assigned Hierapolis to Lydia, and others to Phrygia (W. M. Ramsay, _Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia_, i. (Oxford, 1895) pp. 84 _sq._ 622 Strabo, xiii. 4. 14, pp. 629 _sq._; Dio Cassius, lxviii. 27. 3; Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ ii. 208; Ammianus Marcellinus, xxiii. 6. 18. M156 The hot springs and petrified cascades of Hierapolis. 623 Ammianus Marcellinus (_l.c._) speaks as if the cave no longer existed in his time. M157 The hot pool of Hierapolis with its deadly exhalations. M158 Deposits left by the waters of Hierapolis. 624 Strabo, xiii. 4. 14, pp. 629, 630; Vitruvius, viii. 3. 10. For modern descriptions of Hierapolis see R. Chandler, _Travels in Asia Minor_2 (London, 1776), pp. 228-235; Ch. Fellows, _Journal written during an Excursion in Asia Minor_ (London, 1839), pp. 283-285; W. J. Hamilton, _Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus, and Armenia_, i. 517-521; E. Renan, _Saint Paul_, pp. 357 _sq._; E. J. Davis, _Anatolica_ (London, 1874), pp. 97-112; É. Reclus, _Nouvelle Géographie Universelle_, ix. 510-512; W. Cochran, _Pen and Pencil Sketches in Asia Minor_ (London, 1887), pp. 387-390; W. M. Ramsay, _Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia_, i. 84 _sqq._ The temperature of the hot pool varies from 85 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. The volcanic district of Tuscany which skirts the Apennines abounds in hot calcareous springs which have produced phenomena like those of Hierapolis. Indeed the whole ground is in some places coated over with tufa and travertine, which have been deposited by the water, and, like the ground at Hierapolis, it sounds hollow under the foot. See Sir Ch. Lyell, _Principles of Geology_,12 i. 397 _sqq._ As to the terraces of Rotomahana in New Zealand, which were destroyed by an eruption of Mount Taravera in 1886, see R. Taylor, _Te Ika A Maui, or New Zealand and its Inhabitants_2 (London, 1870), pp. 464-469. M159 Hercules the patron of hot springs. 625 Athenaeus, xii. 6. p. 512. 626 Aristophanes, _Clouds_, 1044-1054.