The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 06 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 06 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
(M166) Yet in spite of this distinction we may suspect that in many cases
the seeming line of division between gods and worshipful ghosts is
deceptive; and that the magic touch of time, which distorts and magnifies
the past, especially among peoples who see it only through the haze of
oral tradition, has glorified and transfigured many a dead man into a
deity. This at all events seems to have been the history of some of the
Baganda gods. On this subject our best authority says that “the principal
gods appear to have been at one time human beings, noted for their skill
and bravery, who were afterwards deified by the people and invested with
supernatural powers.”(499) “Mukasa held the highest rank among the gods of
Uganda. He was a benign god; he never asked for the life of any human
being, but animals were sacrificed to him at the yearly festivals, and
also at other times when the king, or a leading chief, wished to consult
him. He had nothing to do with war, but sought to heal the bodies and
minds of men. He was the god of plenty; he gave the people an increase of
food, cattle, and children. From the legends still current it seems to be
almost certain that he was a human being who, because of his benevolence,
came to be regarded as a god.... The legends about Mukasa are of great
interest; they show how the human element has been lost in the divine, how
the natural has been effaced by the supernatural, until, in the minds of
the common people, only the supernatural remains.”(500)
(M167) If we cannot prove that the great god Mukasa himself was once a
man, we have very tangible evidence that his brother the war-god Kibuka
was so. For like the dead kings of Uganda, Kibuka was worshipped in a
great conical hut resembling the huts which living people inhabit: like
them, his spirit was supposed to enter from time to time into the body of
his priest and to give oracles through him; and like them he was
represented in his temple by his personal relics, his jawbone and his
navel-string, which were rescued from the ruins of his temple and now rest
in the Ethnological Museum at Cambridge. In face of this complete
parallelism between the god and the kings whose personal existence is not
open to question, it seems difficult to doubt that Kibuka was once like
them a real man, and that he spoke with the jawbone and made bodily use of
the other corporeal organs which were preserved in his temple.(501)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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