Prayers to dead ancestors, ii. 175 _sq._, 178 _sq._, 183 _sq._; to dead kings, 192 Pregnancy, causes of, unknown, i. 92 _sq._, 106 _sq._; Australian beliefs as to the causes of, 99 _sqq._ Priestess identified with goddess, i. 219; head of the State under a system of mother-kin, ii. 203 Priestesses more important than priests, i. 45, 46 Priesthood vacated on death of priest’s wife, i. 45; of Hercules at Tarsus, 143 Priestly dynasties of Asia Minor, i. 140 _sq._ —— king and queen personating god and goddess, i. 45 —— kings, i. 42, 43; of Olba, 143 _sqq._, 161; Adonis personated by, 223 _sqq._ Priests personate gods, i. 45, 46 _sqq._; tattoo-marks of, 74 _n._ 4; not allowed to be widowers, ii. 227 _sqq._; the Jewish, their rule as to the pollution of death, 230; dressed as women, 253 _sqq._ —— of Astarte, kings as, i. 26 —— of Attis, the emasculated, i. 265, 266 —— of Zeus at the Corycian cave, i. 145, 155 Procession to the Almo in the rites of Attis, i. 273 Processions carved on rocks at Boghaz-Keui, i. 129 _sqq._; in honour of Adonis, 224 _sq._, 227 _n._, 236 _n._ 1 Procreation, savage ignorance of the causes of, i. 106 _sq._ Procris, her incest with her father Erechtheus, i. 44 Profligacy of human sexes supposed to quicken the earth, i. 48 Property, rules as to the inheritance of, under mother-kin, ii. 203 _n._ 1; landed, combined with mother-kin tends to increase the social importance of women, 209 Prophecy, Hebrew, distinctive character of, i. 75 Prophet regarded as madman, i. 77 Prophetesses inspired by dead chiefs, ii. 192 _sq._; inspired by gods, 207 Prophetic inspiration under the influence of music, i. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._, 74; through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171, 172, 192 _sq._ —— marks on body, i. 74 —— water drunk on St. John’s Eve, i. 247 Prophets in relation to _ḳedeshim_, i. 76; or mediums inspired by the ghosts of dead kings, ii. 171, 172 ——, Hebrew, their resemblance to those of Africa, i. 74 _sq._ Prophets of Israel, their religious and moral reform, i. 24 _sq._ Propitiation of deceased ancestors, i. 46 Prostitution, sacred, before marriage, in Western Asia, i. 36 _sqq._; suggested origin of, 39 _sqq._; in Western Asia, alternative theory of, 57 _sqq._; in India, 61 _sqq._; in Africa, 65 _sqq._ —— of unmarried girls in the Pelew Islands, ii. 264 _sq._; in Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, 265 _sq._ Provence, bathing at Midsummer in, i. 248 Prussia, customs at ploughing and harvest in, i. 238; divination at Midsummer in, 252 _sq._ Pteria, captured by Croesus, i. 128 Ptolemy Auletes, king of Egypt, i. 43 Ptolemy and Berenice, annual festival in honour of, ii. 35 _n._ 1 Ptolemy I. and Serapis, ii. 119 _n._ Ptolemy III. Euergetes, his attempt to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, ii. 27 Ptolemy V. on the Rosetta Stone, ii. 152 _n._ Ptolemy Soter, i. 264 _n._ 4