25 A. Wiedemann, _Religion of the Ancient Egyptians_, p. 249. Compare A. Erman, _Die ägyptische Religion_,2 pp. 117, 121; E. A. Wallis Budge, _Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection_, i. 317, 328. M13 In the resurrection of Osiris the Egyptians saw a pledge of their own immortality. 26 G. Maspero, “Le rituel du sacrifice funéraire,” _Études de Mythologie et d’Archéologie Égyptiennes_ (Paris, 1893-1912), i. 291 _sq._ 27 G. Maspero, _op. cit._ pp. 300-316. Compare A. Wiedemann, _Die Religion der alten Ägypter_, pp. 123 _sqq._; _id._, _Religion of the Ancient Egyptians_, pp. 234 _sqq._; E. A. Wallis Budge, _The Book of the Dead_2 (London, 1909), i. pp. iiii. _sqq._; _id._, _The Gods of the Egyptians_, ii. 126, 140 _sq._; _id._, _Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection_, i. 66 _sqq._, 101 _sq._, 176, 305, 399 _sq._; A. Moret, _Du Caractère religieux de la Royauté Pharaonique_ (Paris, 1902), p. 312; _id._, _Kings and Gods of Egypt_ (New York and London, 1912), pp. 91 _sqq._; _id._, _Mystères Égyptiens_ (Paris, 1913), pp. 37 _sqq._ “In one of the ceremonies of the ‘Opening of the Mouth’ the deceased was temporarily placed in a bull’s skin, which was probably that of one of the bulls which were offered up during the celebration of the service. From this skin the deceased obtained further power, and his emergence from it was the visible symbol of his resurrection and of his entrance into everlasting life with all the strength of Osiris and Horus” (E. A. Wallis Budge, _Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection_, i. 400). M14 Every dead Egyptian identified with Osiris. 28 A. Erman, _Aegypten und aegyptisches Leben im Altertum_, p. 416; J. H. Breasted, _History of the Ancient Egyptians_, pp. 149 _sq._; Margaret A. Murray, _The Osireion at Abydos_ (London, 1904), p. 31. Under the earlier dynasties only kings appear to have been identified with Osiris. 29 A. Moret, _Mystères Égyptiens_ (Paris, 1913), p. 40. 30 A. Erman, _Die ägyptische Religion_,2 pp. 111-113. However, in later times the body with which the dead came to life was believed to be a spiritual, not a material body; it was called _sāhu_. See E. A. Wallis Budge, _The Book of the Dead_,2 i. pp. lvii. _sqq._; _id._, _Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection_, ii. 123 _sq._ M15 Combat between Set and Horus, the brother and the son of Osiris, for the crown of Egypt.