103 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 52. The interpretation is accepted by Prof. A. Wiedemann (_Herodots zweites Buch_, p. 482). 104 Herodotus, ii. 62. In one of the Hibeh papyri (No. 27, lines 165-167) mention is made of the festival and of the lights which were burned throughout the district. See _The Hibeh Papyri_, part i., ed. B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt (London, 1906), p. 149 (pointed out to me by Mr. W. Wyse). In the papyrus the festival is said to have been held in honour of Athena (_i.e._ Neith), the great goddess of Sais, who was there identified with Isis. See A. Wiedemann, _Die Religion der alten Ägypter_, pp. 77 _sq._; _id._, _Religion of the Ancient Egyptians_, pp. 140 _sq._ 105 In the period of the Middle Kingdom the Egyptians of Siut used to light lamps for the dead on the last day and the first day of the year. See A. Erman, “Zehn Vorträge aus dem mittleren Reich,” _Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Alterthumskunde_, xx. (1882) p. 164; _id._, _Aegypten und aegyptisches Leben im Altertum_, pp. 434 _sq._ M43 Annual festival of the dead among the Esquimaux. The lighting of the lamps for the dead. Annual festivals of the dead among the Indians of California. Annual festivals of the dead among the Choctaws and Pueblo Indians. 106 E. W. Nelson, “The Eskimo about Bering Strait,” _Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology_, Part i. (Washington, 1899) pp. 363 _sqq._ 107 S. Powers, _Tribes of California_ (Washington, 1877), pp. 328, 355, 356, 384. 108 Kostromitonow, “Bemerkungen über die Indianer in Ober-Kalifornien,” in K. F. v. Baer and Gr. v. Helmersen’s _Beiträge zur Kenntniss des russischen Reiches_, i. (St. Petersburg, 1839) pp. 88 _sq._ The natives of the western islands of Torres Straits used to hold a great death-dance at which disguised men personated the ghosts of the lately deceased, mimicking their characteristic gait and gestures. Women and children were supposed to take these mummers for real ghosts. See A. C. Haddon, in _Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits_, v. (Cambridge, 1904) pp. 252-256; _The Belief in Immortality and the Worship of the Dead_, i. 176 _sqq._ 109 S. Powers, _Tribes of California_, pp. 437 _sq._ 110 Bossu, _Nouveaux Voyages aux Indes Occidentales_ (Paris, 1768), ii. 95 _sq._ 111 T. G. S. Ten Broeck, in H. R. Schoolcraft’s _Indian Tribes of the United States_ (Philadelphia, 1853-1856), iv. 78. The Pueblo village to which the writer particularly refers is Laguna. M44 Annual festival of the dead among the Miztecs of Mexico.