120 Rev. F. Mason, D.D., “Physical Character of the Karens,” _Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal_, 1866, Part ii. pp. 29 _sq._ Lights are not mentioned by the writer, but the festival being nocturnal we may assume that they are used for the convenience of the living as well as of the dead. In other respects the ceremonies are typical. 121 R. F. St. Andrew St. John, “A Short Account of the Hill Tribes of North Aracan,” _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, ii. (1873) p. 238. At this festival the dead are apparently not supposed to return to the houses. M51 Annual festival of the dead in Cambodia. 122 E. Aymonier, _Notice sur le Cambodge_ (Paris, 1875), p. 59; A. Leclère, _Le Buddhisme au Cambodge_ (Paris, 1899), pp. 374-376. The departure of the souls is described only by the latter writer. Compare E. Aymonier, “Notes sur les coutumes et croyances superstitieuses des Cambodgiens,” _Cochinchine Française, Excursions et Reconnaissances_, No. 16 (Saigon, 1883), pp. 205 _sq._ 123 Mariny, _Relation nouvelle et curieuse des royaumes de Tunquin et de Lao_ (Paris, 1666), pp. 251-253. M52 Annual festival of the dead in Annam. 124 Le R. P. Cadière, “Coutumes populaires de la vallée du Nguôn-So’n,” _Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extrême-Orient_, ii. (Hanoi, 1902) pp. 376-379; P. d’Enjoy, “Du droit successoral en Annam,” etc., _Bulletins de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris_, Ve Série, iv. (1903) pp. 500-502; E. Diguet, _Les Annamites_ (Paris, 1906), pp. 372-375. M53 Annual festival of friendless ghosts in Annam. 125 E. Diguet, _Les Annamites_ (Paris, 1906), pp. 254 _sq._; Paul Giran, _Magie et Religion Annamites_ (Paris, 1912), pp. 258 _sq._ According to the latter writer the offerings to the vagrant souls are made on the first and last days of the month, while sacrifices of a more domestic character are performed on the fifteenth. M54 Annual festivals of the dead in Cochinchina, Siam and Japan. 126 L. E. Louvet, _La Cochinchine religieuse_ (Paris, 1885), pp. 149-151. _ 127 The Scapegoat_, pp. 149 _sqq._ M55 Annual festivals of the dead among the Chewsurs and Armenians. 128 C. v. Hahn, “Religiöse Anschauungen und Totengedächtnisfeier der Chewsuren,” _Globus_, lxxvi. (1899) pp. 211 _sq._ 129 M. Abeghian, _Der armenische Volksglaube_ (Leipsic, 1899), pp. 23 _sq._ M56 Annual festivals of the dead in Africa.