The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 07 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 07 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
(M181) It has been already mentioned, on the authority of Diodorus, that
in ancient Egypt the reapers were wont to lament over the first sheaf cut,
invoking Isis as the goddess to whom they owed the discovery of corn.(630)
To the plaintive song or cry sung or uttered by Egyptian reapers the
Greeks gave the name of Maneros, and explained the name by a story that
Maneros, the only son of the first Egyptian king, invented agriculture,
and, dying an untimely death, was thus lamented by the people.(631) It
appears, however, that the name Maneros is due to a misunderstanding of
the formula _mââ-ne-hra_, “Come to the house,” which has been discovered
in various Egyptian writings, for example in the dirge of Isis in the Book
of the Dead.(632) Hence we may suppose that the cry _mââ-ne-hra_ was
chanted by the reapers over the cut corn as a dirge for the death of the
corn-spirit (Isis or Osiris) and a prayer for its return. As the cry was
raised over the first ears reaped, it would seem that the corn-spirit was
believed by the Egyptians to be present in the first corn cut and to die
under the sickle. We have seen that in the Malay Peninsula and Java the
first ears of rice are taken to represent either the Soul of the Rice or
the Rice-bride and the Rice-bridegroom.(633) In parts of Russia the first
sheaf is treated much in the same way that the last sheaf is treated
elsewhere. It is reaped by the mistress herself, taken home and set in the
place of honour near the holy pictures; afterwards it is threshed
separately, and some of its grain is mixed with the next year’s
seed-corn.(634) In Aberdeenshire, while the last corn cut was generally
used to make the _clyack_ sheaf,(635) it was sometimes, though rarely, the
first corn cut that was dressed up as a woman and carried home with
ceremony.(636)
(M182) In Phoenicia and Western Asia a plaintive song, like that chanted
by the Egyptian corn-reapers, was sung at the vintage and probably (to
judge by analogy) also at harvest. This Phoenician song was called by the
Greeks Linus or Ailinus and explained, like Maneros, as a lament for the
death of a youth named Linus.(637) According to one story Linus was
brought up by a shepherd, but torn to pieces by his dogs.(638) But, like
Maneros, the name Linus or Ailinus appears to have originated in a verbal
misunderstanding, and to be nothing more than the cry _ai lanu_, that is
“Woe to us,” which the Phoenicians probably uttered in mourning for
Adonis;(639) at least Sappho seems to have regarded Adonis and Linus as
equivalent.(640)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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