The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 07 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 07 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
sheaf is wrapt in straw, crowned with a harvest-wreath, and brought in a
wheelbarrow to the village, where a round dance takes place. About
Luneburg, also, the woman who binds the last corn is decked with a crown
of corn-ears and is called the Corn-goat.(902) At Münzesheim in Baden the
reaper who cuts the last handful of corn or oats is called the Corn-goat
or the Oats-goat.(903) In the Canton St. Gall, Switzerland, the person who
cuts the last handful of corn on the field, or drives the last
harvest-waggon to the barn, is called the Corn-goat or the Rye-goat, or
simply the Goat.(904) In the Canton Thurgau he is called Corn-goat; like a
goat he has a bell hung round his neck, is led in triumph, and drenched
with liquor. In parts of Styria, also, the man who cuts the last corn is
called Corn-goat, Oats-goat, or the like. As a rule, the man who thus gets
the name of Corn-goat has to bear it a whole year till the next
harvest.(905)
(M242) According to one view, the corn-spirit, who has been caught in the
form of a goat or otherwise, lives in the farmhouse or barn over winter.
Thus, each farm has its own embodiment of the corn-spirit. But, according
to another view, the corn-spirit is the genius or deity, not of the corn
of one farm only, but of all the corn. Hence when the corn on one farm is
all cut, he flees to another where there is still corn left standing. This
idea is brought out in a harvest-custom which was formerly observed in
Skye. The farmer who first finished reaping sent a man or woman with a
sheaf to a neighbouring farmer who had not finished; the latter in his
turn, when he had finished, sent on the sheaf to his neighbour who was
still reaping; and so the sheaf made the round of the farms till all the
corn was cut. The sheaf was called the _goabbir bhacagh_, that is, the
Cripple Goat.(906) The custom appears not to be extinct at the present
day, for it was reported from Skye only a few years ago. We are told that
when the crofters and small farmers are cutting down their corn, each
tries his best to finish before his neighbour. The first to finish goes to
his neighbour’s field and makes up at one end of it a bundle of sheaves in
a fanciful shape which goes by the name of the _gobhar bhacach_ or Lame
Goat. As each man in succession finishes reaping his field, he proceeds to
set up a lame goat of this sort in his neighbour’s field where there is
still corn standing. No one likes to have the Lame Goat put in his field,
“not from any ill-luck it brings, but because it is humiliating to have it
standing there visible to all neighbours and passers-by, and of course he
cannot retaliate.”(907) The corn-spirit was probably thus represented as
lame because he had been crippled by the cutting of the corn. We have seen
that sometimes the old woman who brings home the last sheaf must limp on
one foot.(908) In the Böhmer Wald mountains, between Bohemia and Bavaria,
when two peasants are driving home their corn together, they race against
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